Novel antihypertensive action of rutin is mediated via inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme/mineralocorticoid receptor/angiotensin 2 type 1 receptor (ATR1) signaling pathways in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats

Abstract

Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease that affects approximately 26% of adult population, worldwide. Rutin is one of the important flavonoids that is consumed in the daily diet, and found in many food items, vegetables, and beverages. Uninephrectomy (UNX) of the left kidney was performed, followed by induction of hypertension. The rats were randomly divided into four groups of 10 rats: group 1-Sham-operated rats; group 2-UNX rats, group 3-UNX-L-NAME (40 mg/ kg) plus rutin (100 mg/kg bwt), and groups 4-UNX-L-NAME plus lisinopril (10 mg/kg bwt), orally for 3 weeks. Results revealed significant heightening of arterial pressure and oxidative stress indices, while hypertensive rats treated with rutin had lower expressions of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and mineralocorticoid receptor in uninephrectomized rats. Together, rutin as a novel antihypertensive flavonoid could provide an unimaginable benefits for the management of hypertension through inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme and mineralocorticoid receptor. Practical applications Hypertension has been reported to be the most common cardiovascular disease, affecting approximately 26% of the adult population worldwide with predicted prevalence to increase by 60% by 2025. Recent advances in phytomedicine have shown flavonoids to be very helpful in the treatment of many diseases. Flavonoids have been used in the treatment and management of cardiovascular diseases, obesity and hypertension. The study revealed that rutin, a known flavonoid inhibited angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin 2 type 1 receptor (ATR1), and mineralocorticoid

Comparative pharmacokinetic study on phenolic acids and flavonoids in normal and microcirculation dysfunction rats plasma by UPLC-TQ/MS/MS after oral administration of Salvia miltiorrhiza stem-leaf extracts

“…Rutin is a common flavonoid with significant pharmacological activity. It can inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin 2 type 1 receptor (ATR1) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MCR) to play a protective and therapeutic role in cardiovascular diseases [ 31 ]. Therefore, the above seven components were selected as markers to reflect the pharmacokinetic study of oral salvia miltiorrhiza stem-leaf in rats, in order to provide a reference for the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion process of Salvia miltiorrhiza stem-leaf in vivo .…”

Rutin protects against gamma-irradiation and malathion-induced oxidative stress and inflammation through regulation of mir-129-3p, mir-200C-3p, and mir-210 gene expressions in rats’ kidney

“…However, rutin administration exhibits suppression of ACE I activity, activation of ACE II, and down-regulations of B1R and B2R protein expressions in the kidney tissues of IRR-, MT-, and IRR/MT-intoxicated animals; thus, rutin can prevent Ang II accumulation in the kidney tissues that further regulates renal hypertension. Rutin demonstrates antihypertensive properties in a mechanism comprising ACE I suppression (Oyagbemi et al 2020 ).…”

A review on the medicinal potential, toxicology, and phytochemistry of litchi fruit peel and seed

“…In fact, the blood pressure‐lowering effect of the extract was comparable to that of a 40 mg/kg bw valsartan (Yao et al., 2021), suggesting that litchi seed has a strong potential to reduce vasoconstriction and hypertension. Chromatographic analysis showed that the extracts were rich in gallic acid and flavonoids, such as procyanidins, quercetin, rutin, catechin, and epicatechin (Kessy et al., 2018; Yao et al., 2021), which have been reported to exhibit inhibitory action on angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (Actis‐Goretta et al., 2003; Häckl et al., 2002; Jin et al., 2017; Oyagbemi et al., 2020; Takagaki & Nanjo, 2015).…”