Novel alloplasmic Nicotiana plants by “donor-recipient” protoplast fusion: cybrids having N. tabacum or N. sylvestris nuclear genomes and either or both plastomes and chondriomes from alien species

Tissue Culture in the Improvement of Salt Tolerance in Plants

“…The resultant cytoplasm may contain any genomic array, ranging from homologous recipient to homologous donor complements, including heterologous combinations of recipient and donor organelles (Belliard et al 1978(Belliard et al , 1979Aviv et al 1984;Gleba and Sytnik 1984;Galun and Aviv 1986;Galun et al 1988). Selection pressure will, however, enrich the population for a particular genomic complement (Moll et al 1990;Perl et al 1991).…”

Protoplast fusion technology

“…This is highly recommended with every fusion experiment because slight environmental changes to the plant material can dramatically affect the viability and condition of the protoplasts (7) and thereby affect the fusion process. Protoplast fusion has been a useful technique for the transfer of many nuclear and cytoplasmic genes between plant species (1,4,6,7,10,12,16,18,19,21,22,24,25). Although this form of gene transfer is less precise than other methods, it is advantageous due to its simplicity.…”

“…One of the most promising techniques is asymmetric fusion (1,5,11,24). By the use of chromatin-damaging treatments such as irradiation, it has been possible to transfer only limited genetic information from one species into another species.…”

“…Recently, chromosome-damaging treatments such as irradiation have been used (1,5,11,24) for specific gene transfer by protoplast fusion. This approach has the added benefit of transferring limited genetic information which can be selected for in vitro or in vivo and does not require the recombination of two entire genomes.…”

The integration of protoplast fusion-derived material into a potato breeding programme — a review of progress and problems

“…Asymmetric hybrids of tetraploid S. tuberosum and diploid S. brevidens have been obtained, for example, with the wild species acting as a donor after irradiation of its protoplasts by X-rays (Feher et al ., 1992), and irradiated protoplasts of S. pinnatisectum were used in genetic reconstruction studies (Sidorov et al ., 1987) . In the extreme asymmetric fusion model, the nuclear genome of one of the genotypes can be entirely eliminated and the resultant products are termed cytoplasmic hybrids (cybrids) consisting of the nuclear genome of one genotype in the cytoplasm of another (Aviv et al ., 1984) . This technique has been used to introduce cytoplasmic male sterility into Brassica (Chuong et al ., 1988) and is potentially of use in the production of potato cultivars from true botanic seed .…”