Novel 3-D Non-Stationary Wideband Models for Massive MIMO Channels

Abstract

In this paper, a novel 3-D non-stationary wideband geometry-based stochastic theoretical channel model for massive multiple-input multiple-output communication systems is proposed. First, a second-order approximation to the spherical wavefront in space and time domains, i.e., parabolic wavefront, is proposed to efficiently model near-field effects. Second, environment evolution effects are modeled by spatial-temporal cluster (re)appearance and shadowing processes. We propose (re)appearance processes to model the visibility of clusters with enhanced spatial-temporal consistency. Shadowing processes are used to capture smooth spatial-temporal variations of the clusters' average power. In addition, a corresponding simulation model is derived along with a 3-D extension of the Riemann sum method for parameters computation. Key statistical properties of the proposed model, e.g., the spatial-temporal cross-correlation function, are derived and analyzed. Finally, we present numerical and simulation results showing an excellent agreement between the theoretical and simulation models and validating the proposed parameter computation method. The accuracy and flexibility of the proposed simulation model are demonstrated by comparing simulation results and measurements of the delay spread, slope of cluster power variations, and visibility regions' size.

A Comprehensive Survey on Millimeter Wave Communications for Fifth-Generation Wireless Networks: Feasibility and Challenges

“…Moreover, in [204], a second-order approximation to the spherical wavefront (i.e., parabolic wavefront), is proposed resulting in linear drifts of the angles of MPCs and non-stationarity over the array, reducing theoretical and computational complexity compared to spherical wavefronts. The work in [205] extended the spherical wavefront (i.e., parabolic wavefront) in [204], into the 3D space and time domain to capture spatial-temporal non-stationary properties of the channel efficiently. Moreover, a 3D extension of the Riemann sum method in [206] for parameter computation has been introduced and validated through simulations.…”

Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Communication Networks for the Maritime Internet of Things: Key Technologies, Opportunities, and Challenges

“…On the other hand, the transmission efficiency in M-CNs is envisioned to be enhanced by using some promising 5G technologies, such as massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies, millimetre wave (mmWave) communi- cations, and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications [105]. Until now, many massive MIMO channel models [106]- [109], mmWave channel models [110][111], V2V channel models [112][113], and high-mobility channel models [114]- [117] have been proposed, and a general 5G channel model can be used to simulate the channels [118]. However, these models are mostly based on the channel measurements in terrestrial scenarios and may not be suitable for the environment-sensitive maritime channels [26].…”

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“…Incidentally, an exponential law is assumed in[20],[21] to model the appearance and disappearance of clusters on both the array and time axes, but no empirical evidence is given to support this assumption.…”