NOTES ON THE FORMATION OF GLAZED FROST<sup>1</sup>

Okada, Toyohi

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1914)42<284:notfog>2.0.co;2

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…rain) and surface temperatures above freezing, the observed precipitation will be cold rain (Stewart 1985). McQueen & Keith (1956), after Okada (1914) and Brooks (19201, suggest that S1 can form from completely melted raindrops, given strong low-level winds that: (1) maintain a deep, cold layer, and (2) 'create a stirring action' that increases the likelihood of re-freezing droplets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freezing rain and sleet climatology of the southeastern USA

Davis

1993

Clim. Res.

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Freezing rain is a dangerous and economically costly event that occurs frequently in the southeastern United States. Using surface observations for 44 Southeast stations, we describe and map the basic climatological data for both freezing rain and sleet, and describe the number and duration of events and associated upper air temperatures, layer thicknesses, and temporal trends. The Southeast averages 1.6 freezing rain and sleet events per year, ranging from 0 in southern Florida to over 5 in highland Virginia. Event frequencies and durations show 2 general trends: (1) a mountain-coastal decrease, and (2) a north-south decrease. Differences between freezing rain and sleet are evident in the upper air analysis: freezing rain events have higher 850 mb temperatures and lower surface temperatures. Freezing rain and sleet thickness differences show more variation for the 850 to 700 mb layer and less variation for the 1000 to 850 mb layer. Average 1000 to 500 mb thicknesses for freezing rain and sleet are both above and below the traditional 540 dam thickness. The ratio of freezing rain to sleet is consistently 2.0 or 2.5 freezing rain hours to 1.0 sleet hour in the upland stations, but is as low as 0.5 to 1.0 along the coast.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%