Notes on Entomogenous Fungi From Ghana: Ii. The Genus Akanthomyces

Samson, Robert A.; Evans, H. C.

doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1974.tb00913.x

Cited by 44 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…While Hymenostilbe resembles Akanthomyces, however, a re-examination of the type specimens of several Hymenostilbe and Akanthomyces spp. has shown that the conidiogenous cells of the former are polyblastic, bearing solitary conidia on short denticles, whilst Akanthomyces is phialidic with conidia borne in basipetal chains (Samson & Evans 1974, 1975. The ITS phylograms clearly support the disparate positions of these two anamorph genera, that comes out in separate clades (II and IV).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Taxa with clavate synnemata, such as in A. pistillariiformis (cfr clade II), were referred to the genus Insecticola (Mains 1950). This latter genus was not accepted by Samson & Evans (1974), who noted that the 'synnematous habit does not allow a clear delimitation between Akanthomyces and Insecticola', an opinion also concurred by HywelJones (1996a). The conidial chains in Akanthomyces are short and often difficult to observe, resulting in their frequently wrong placement in Hymenostilbe (Samson & Evans 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This latter genus was not accepted by Samson & Evans (1974), who noted that the 'synnematous habit does not allow a clear delimitation between Akanthomyces and Insecticola', an opinion also concurred by HywelJones (1996a). The conidial chains in Akanthomyces are short and often difficult to observe, resulting in their frequently wrong placement in Hymenostilbe (Samson & Evans 1975). While Hymenostilbe resembles Akanthomyces, however, a re-examination of the type specimens of several Hymenostilbe and Akanthomyces spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two included Hirsutella taxa are both positioned in clade IV. Akanthomyces, erected by Lebert (1858) to include the moth parasite A. aculeatus, was later emended to include representatives attacking the insect orders Coleoptera, Diptera, Heteroptera, Homoptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera as well as Arachnida (Mains 1950, Samson & Evans 1974 Numbers indicate BS. Uppercase letters denote the subclades commented upon in the text.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samson (1974) pointed out the morphological similarity between Paecilomyces sect. Isarioidea and Akanthomyces and stated that A. gracilis, a species particularly common on ants (Samson & Evans 1974), may form a link between the two genera. Obornı´k, Jirku & Dolezel (2001) suggested Paecilomyces to be polyphyletic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards a phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps: ITS nrDNA sequence data confirm divergent lineages and paraphyly

Stensrud

Hywel‐Jones

Schumacher

2005

Mycological Research

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The ascomycetous genus Cordyceps accommodates endoparasitic species that attack arthropods or other fungi. Analyses of ITS nrDNA sequence data of 72 taxa from the teleomorph genera Cordyceps, Claviceps, Epichloe¨, and the anamorph genera Akanthomyces, Beauveria, Metarhizium, Hirsutella, Hymenostilbe, Paecilomyces, Polycephalomyces, and Tolypocladium assigned the taxa to four main evolutionary lineages not reflected in the current classification of Cordyceps. Ten subclades were recognized from separate analyses of data subsets. Judged from the ITS phylogenies, Cordyceps spp. with branched stromata were highly supported as a divergent lineage. Host specificity was found to be of limited phylogenetic significance, and several host shifts are suggested to have occurred during the evolution of Cordyceps. Similar ascospore morphology was not reflected in the phyletic groups, and closely related taxa showed large interspecific variation with respect to the number of segments in which the ascospores are divided. However, combinations of selected characters were found to delimitate some lineages, e.g. all Cordyceps spp. that attack hosts in the insect orders Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, and with non-immersed perithecia and clavate to acicular, brightly yellowish to reddish stromata, constituted a separate clade. Furthermore, all Cordyceps spp. with perithecia obliquely immersed in the stroma were recognized as a distinct monophyletic group. This clade is additionally characterized by the formation of anamorphs ascribable to the genus Hymenostilbe. The mycogenous Cordyceps spp. grouped in a separate subclade, interspersed by two cicadaen parasites and all Tolypocladium spp. except T. parasiticum. Tolypocladium and Beauveria were found to be polyphyletic. The included Claviceps and Epichloe¨taxa appeared to be derived within Cordyceps, thus making Cordyceps paraphyletic as suggested in other studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%