Note: Limitations of the optoelectronic control for carbon nanoparticles synthesis via arc-discharge in solution

Darias-Gonzalez, Juan G.; Hernández-Tabares, Lorenzo; Carrillo-Barroso, E; Ledo-Pereda, L M; Arteche-Díaz, Josué; García, Luis Felipe Desdín

doi:10.1063/1.4868512

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Ref. [53] revealed that α does not obey a flat behavior because it may be awaited for isotropic emission. In the 30-50 A current range, the electrode gap is small (~0.7-1 mm), and the anode spot rapidly moves all over the anode front end surface as it wears out (Figure 9(a)).…”

Section: Merits and Disadvantages Of The Stabilization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fulfilment of these four requirements in a water SAD was evaluated in [53], identifying several limitations of optoelectronic control. A Teflon ring, which was coaxially positioned with the electrodes and holding eight radial fixed and uniformly distributed optical fibers, was placed around the arc zone (Figure 6(b)).…”

Section: Sad Without Any Control Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

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Stabilization Methods in the Submerged Arc Discharge Synthesis of Carbon Nanostructures

Hernández-Tabares

Darias-Gonzalez

Chao‐Mujica

et al. 2021

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Many papers, in which the submerged arc discharge (SAD) method in nanoparticle synthesis was used, reported similar operating parameters, but different electrode erosion rate values, different yields and purities of the obtained nanostructures, and a different sort of contaminants present in the synthesis. Analyzing these articles, we found insufficient attention to ensure the arc power stability, which is a key factor guaranteeing the product homogeneity and quality. This paper presents an analysis of different control strategies, remarks their advantages and drawbacks, and proposes the most appropriate technique to be used in SAD. The most appropriate technique is proposed from the SAD stabilization method analysis.

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Section: Merits and Disadvantages Of The Stabilization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sad Without Any Control Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization Methods in the Submerged Arc Discharge Synthesis of Carbon Nanostructures

Hernández-Tabares

Darias-Gonzalez

Chao‐Mujica

et al. 2021

Journal of Nanomaterials

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“…The voltage applied to the electrodes was measured from the anode holder disregarding the voltage drop at the shunt. The other three analog inputs are free to use for experimental purposes as in [5].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The optoelectronic control has several limitations as reported in [5]. In regards to the second approach [6], according to a typical arc voltage/current characteristic, in its hissing part (where the thermal ionization is present and the nanoparticles are formed), the voltage variation is very small in comparison to its corresponding current variation (dU/dI ≈ 0), thus making less sensitive the control.…”

Section: Automated System For the Synthesis Of Nanostructures Via Arc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated system for the synthesis of nanostructures via arc-discharge in liquids

Hernández-Tabares

Darias-Gonzalez

Arteche-Díaz

et al. 2018

Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol.

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Submerged arc discharge in liquids has shown to be a promising method to synthesize a wide variety of nanomaterials. However, it requires an accurate arc current control to ensure the desired purity and structure of the products. A fluctuating arc current increases the dispersion in size distribution, as well as in the obtained nanoparticles structure pattern. Consequently, the arc current stability is essential to ensure the product homogeneity and quality. A system which ensures high stability of the arc discharge is presented. It has three basic elements: an electrode gap micropositioning system controlled by a feedback arc current measurement, a current’s stabilization element and a data acquisition system to record the magnitudes of the relevant physical parameters. The most suitable algorithm for micropositioning system was determined. The utilization of a step motor gave an additional advantage in measuring the anode displacement. The employed stabilization element improves the current and power stability by 4 and 2.7 times, respectively. The data acquisition system allows taking control and information about the relevant parameters of the process and the interaction between them. This system, based on direct arc current measurement, is superior in terms of achieving higher stability and current sensibility, to the ones based on arc voltage or arc light emission. It is also an adaptable tool to carry on further experiments.

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“…In almost all published works on SADW, appropriate systems for arc stabilisation are not used [10]. In most studies, arc stability evaluation is based solely on the intensity of emitted arc light or other unsuitable indicators [11]. Additionally, the MWCNTs and CNOs produced via SADW are accompanied by other CNSs and impurities with similar structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed yield assessment of carbon nanostructures synthesized by submerged arc discharge in water

Chao-Mujica,

Corcho-Valdes,

Padron-Ramirez

et al. 2024

Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol.

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Submerged arc discharge in water (SADW) is one of the most effective methods for the synthesis of high-quality carbon nanostructures (CNSs). Despite the numerous published studies on SADW, systematic data on yield is still lacking. The SADW runs as a succession of stable and unstable zones, but the influence of these zones on its yield has not yet been explored. The CNSs were synthesised in a SADW facility with a micro-positioning system controlled by current feedback, stabilisation via ballast resistance, and data recorded by a five-parameter correlated measurement system. The synthesis products were characterised by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) adsorption isotherms. In this study, an approach is presented to determine the SADW yield by analysing the correlation between the process parameters recorded with the experimental setup and gravimetric measurements. In the work, the relationship between the formation of the different CNSs and the stable and unstable zones is discussed. The yield was determined at a current of 30 A, which is considered the optimal current for CNSs synthesis, and the estimation obtained indicates that it is in the range of 1%–1.3%. The energy consumption to produce CNSs was assessed to be around 80 kJ.mg−1. The results obtained contribute to clarifying some of the factors that influence yield and how to optimise it. This work provides a useful reference point for future work associated with CNS synthesis using SADW.

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Note: Limitations of the optoelectronic control for carbon nanoparticles synthesis via arc-discharge in solution

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Stabilization Methods in the Submerged Arc Discharge Synthesis of Carbon Nanostructures

Stabilization Methods in the Submerged Arc Discharge Synthesis of Carbon Nanostructures

Automated system for the synthesis of nanostructures via arc-discharge in liquids

Detailed yield assessment of carbon nanostructures synthesized by submerged arc discharge in water

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