As a typical representative of pre-Qin Confucian culture, Confucian and Mencius thought contains rich philosophical thoughts, which have great enlightenment value for modern politics, economy and education. This article aims to study the status and significance of Confucian and Mencius thought in Chinese philosophy. Taking educational philosophy as an example, based on the analysis of the characteristics of Confucian educational thought, the necessity of Confucian and Mencius thought and the modern significance of Confucian and Mencius educational philosophy. To understand the educational role of Confucian and Mencius educational philosophy in contemporary universities, this article conducted a questionnaire survey on students in a certain university. The survey results show that Confucian and Mencius educational philosophy plays an important role in strengthening the school's moral education, enriching the diversification of characteristic education, and cultivating citizen patriotism education.