Nosocomial Transmission of Bacteriophage Type 7/11/12 Group B Streptococci in a Special Care Nursery

Boyer, Kenneth M.; Gotoff, Samuel P.; Gadzala, Cecile A.; Stringer, J; Maxted, W. R.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1980.02130220042013

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…33 , 37 Five references suggested transmission via healthcare workers, 25 , 27 , 29 , 33 , 39 , 42 Boyer et al found that overall GBS carriage among nursery staff at the time of the cluster was 34% (18/53), comprising rectal (16/18), vaginal (13/18) and throat (3/18) carriage. 25 Whilst none of the staff isolates matched the phage type identified in the two cluster cases, a culture survey conducted one month later found 4/15 infants colonized with a phage type carried by 3 staff at the time of the cluster. Steere et al reported that 41% (11/27) of staff who had direct contact with cluster cases were GBS-positive (throat, vaginal or urethral, and rectal swabs), of whom 4 had the cluster serotype.…”

Section: Late-onset Disease Clustersmentioning

confidence: 92%

Hospital clusters of invasive Group B Streptococcal disease: A systematic review

Collin

Lamb

Jauneikaite

et al. 2019

Journal of Infection

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Group B streptococcal disease Adult Neonatal Outbreak Cluster Healthcare-associated infection Systematic review s u m m a r y Objectives: To characterize outbreaks of invasive Group B Streptococcal (iGBS) disease in hospitals.Methods: Systematic review using electronic databases to identify studies describing iGBS outbreaks/clusters or cross-infection/acquisition in healthcare settings where 'cluster' was defined as ≥2 linked cases. PROSPERO CRD42018096297. Results: Twenty-five references were included describing 30 hospital clusters (26 neonatal, 4 adult) in 11 countries from 1966 to 2019. Cross-infection between unrelated neonates was reported in 19 clusters involving an early-onset ( < 7 days of life; n = 3), late-onset (7-90 days; n = 13) index case or colonized infant ( n = 3) followed by one or more late-onset cases (median serial interval 9 days (IQR 3-17, range 0-50 days, n = 45)); linkage was determined by phage typing in 3 clusters, PFGE/MLST/PCR in 8, WGS in 4, non-molecular methods in 4. Postulated routes of transmission in neonatal clusters were via clinical personnel and equipment, particularly during periods of crowding and high patient-to-nurse ratio. Of 4 adult clusters, one was attributed to droplet spread between respiratory cases, one to handling of haemodialysis catheters and two unspecified. Conclusions: Long intervals between cases were identified in most of the clusters, a characteristic which potentially hinders detection of GBS hospital outbreaks without enhanced surveillance supported by genomics.

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Section: Late-onset Disease Clustersmentioning

confidence: 92%

Hospital clusters of invasive Group B Streptococcal disease: A systematic review

Collin

Lamb

Jauneikaite

et al. 2019

Journal of Infection

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A newly developed bacteriophage typing system consisting of 24 phages provides a far higher degree of discrimination3 and has been used to study the spread of group B streptococci within a nursery4 and a special-care baby unit. 5 Aber et al suggested that nosocomial transmission of group B streptococci in the nursery is an important cause of neonatal-colonisation. 6 We studied babies in two postnatal wards and the special-care baby unit at this hospital over six months to assess the incidence of acquisition of group B streptococci in babies after birth, to study the epidemiology of colonisation of group B streptococci among both babies and staff in the special-care baby unit, to document specific instances of nosocomial transmission, and to assess the effectiveness of measures designed to prevent this mode of transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nosocomial transmission of group B streptococci.

Easmon¹,

Hastings²,

Clare³

et al. 1981

BMJ

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The acquisition of group B streptococci by babies in a special-care baby unit and two postnatal wards was investigated over a six-month period using serology and phage typing. Sixty-three culture-positive babies were identified in the postnatal wards, one-third of whom had been born to mothers who were not carrying the organism in the genital tract or anorectal area during labour. A non-maternal source was identified for 14 of these 21 infants: either colonised mothers and babies in the same ward or, on one occasion, a member of the hospital staff. In the special-care baby unit, however, only one instance of nosocomial acquisition of group B streptococci was recorded despite a high prevalence of colonisation in the staff on the unit and the presence of heavily colonised babies.The results of this survey suggest that although sepsis caused by group B streptococci may be the result of nosocomial transmission, this may be prevented by careful attention to hygiene.

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“…Maternal compli-cations during labor play a less important role in lateonset disease, compared with that in early-onset disease [1]. Evidence supports nosocomial acquisition [4][5][6][7][8][9] or transmission of GBS through breast milk [10][11][12][13]. Others have reported hospitalization [14] or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection [15] as risk factors for late-onset GBS disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prematurity Is the Major Risk Factor for Late‐Onset Group B Streptococcus Disease

et al. 2003

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A case-control study was conducted in the greater Houston area to determine risk factors for late-onset group B streptococcus (GBS) disease (onset of disease or first positive culture between 7 and 180 days after birth). Characteristics of 122 case patients diagnosed during 1995-2000 were compared with control subjects matched for birth hospital and date of birth. Half the case patients were preterm infants, 84% of whom were born at <34 weeks of gestation. The risk for late-onset GBS disease increased by a factor of 1.34 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-1.56) for each week of decreasing gestation, by 3.70 (95% CI, 1.35-10.1) for infants of black mothers, and by 4.15 (95% CI, 1.27-13.60) for infants of mothers with a positive GBS screening. These risk factors are similar to that of early-onset GBS disease. However, prematurity is the major risk factor for late-onset GBS disease.

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Nosocomial Transmission of Bacteriophage Type 7/11/12 Group B Streptococci in a Special Care Nursery

Cited by 19 publications

References 17 publications

Hospital clusters of invasive Group B Streptococcal disease: A systematic review

Hospital clusters of invasive Group B Streptococcal disease: A systematic review

Nosocomial transmission of group B streptococci.

Prematurity Is the Major Risk Factor for Late‐Onset Group B Streptococcus Disease

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