Nosocomial Malassezia pachydermatis bloodstream infections in a neonatal intensive care unit

Welbel, Sharon F.; McNeil, Michael M.; Pramanik, Arun K.; Silberman, Ronald; Oberle, Arnold; Midgley, G.; Crow, Susan; Jarvis, William R.

doi:10.1097/00006454-199402000-00005

Cited by 99 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…It is now thought, however, that it is the etiological agent of both cutaneous and systemic diseases. M. pachydermatis is not commonly associated with diseases in humans, although it has been reported to cause canaliculitis (372), wound infection (160), and systemic disease (88,168,241,286,465) in premature neonates. It is, however, an important pathogen of animals, causing dermatitis and otitis externa in a wide range of animals (169).…”

Section: Diseases Associated With Malasseziamentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunology of Diseases Associated withMalasseziaSpecies

2002

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SUMMARY Malassezia species are members of the human cutaneous commensal flora, in addition to causing a wide range of cutaneous and systemic diseases in suitably predisposed individuals. Studies examining cellular and humoral immune responses specific to Malassezia species in patients with Malassezia-associated diseases and healthy controls have generally been unable to define significant differences in their immune response. The use of varied antigenic preparations and strains from different Malassezia classifications may partly be responsible for this, although these problems can now be overcome by using techniques based on recent work defining some important antigens and also a new taxonomy for the genus. The finding that the genus Malassezia is immunomodulatory is important in understanding its ability to cause disease. Stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system and activation of the complement cascade contrasts with its ability to suppress cytokine release and downregulate phagocytic uptake and killing. The lipid-rich layer around the yeast appears to be pivotal in this alteration of phenotype. Defining the nonspecific immune response to Malassezia species and the way in which the organisms modulate it may well be the key to understanding how Malassezia species can exist as both commensals and pathogens.

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Section: Diseases Associated With Malasseziamentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunology of Diseases Associated withMalasseziaSpecies

2002

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“…Signs of illness may be absent [8]. When observed, symptoms are similar to those associated with fungemia due to M. fwjitr [8,119]. Fever, lethargy, respiratory distress or bradycardia are usually reported.…”

Section: Human Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malassezia pachydermatis: a review

1999

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Malassezia pachydermatis is of importance in both veterinary and human medicine. Its taxonomic status and physiological characteristics are now better understood. Skin disease associated with this lipophilic yeast is now commonly recognized, especially in dogs. However, further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms which allow this yeast to proliferate and induce disease. Skin colonization is common in pet carnivores which consequently constitute a source of M. pachydermatis for susceptible humans. In the future, the development of efficient typing systems should allow better understanding of the transmission mechanisms.

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“…Malassezia species may also be etiological agents of skin disorders and, uncommonly, systemic infections (3,6,16,24,30).…”

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confidence: 99%

In Vitro Susceptibilities ofMalasseziaSpecies to a New Triazole, Albaconazole (UR-9825), and Other Antifungal Compounds

Garau

Pereiro

Palacio

2003

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The in vitro activity of the new triazole albaconazole (UR-9825) in comparison with those of flucytosine, fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole against 70 strains of Malassezia spp. was determined by a microdilution method using a colorimetric indicator for metabolic activity. Albaconazole showed an in vitro profile similar to those of the different antifungals tested (MIC < 0.06 g/ml for all the strains).Yeasts of the genus Malassezia are part of the normal mycota of the skin of humans and other warm-blooded animals, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands (19). Malassezia species may also be etiological agents of skin disorders and, uncommonly, systemic infections (3, 6, 16, 24, 30).In 1997, the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards approved a broth micro-and macrodilution method for susceptibility testing of yeasts with RPMI 1640 medium (NCCLS-M27A) (21). However, this document is not applicable to Malassezia species other than Malassezia pachydermatis, because these organisms do not grow without lipidic substances in the medium. Only a few systems for in vitro susceptibility testing of Malassezia species have been described. In addition to present measurements in solid media, several microdilution methods have been used, but the different liquid media used, such as modified Dixon (19,27) and LeemingNotman (15), are turbid; consequently, the visual and turbidimetric results are difficult to interpret. A liquid medium method has been observed to overcome the difficulties in growth reading if one uses a colorimetric indicator for metabolic activity (Alamar blue) (25). Recently, Nakamura et al. (20) described a new microdilution method based on the urease activity of Malassezia spp.Albaconazole (ABC) is a new systemic triazole under development by J. Uriach & Cia S.A. (Barcelona, Spain) with both potent and broad-spectrum antifungal activity, good pharmacokinetics, and excellent bioavailability. It has demonstrated good in vitro activities against pathogenic yeasts (23), dermatophytes (10), and some filamentous fungi (4), including Scedosporium prolificans (5). It has also been shown to be active in the treatment of systemic aspergillosis and candidiasis in experimental animal models (2).The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro activity of ABC with those of five antifungal drugs, namely, flucytosine (5FC), fluconazole (FLC), ketoconazole (KTC), itraconazole (ITC), and voriconazole (VRC), against 70 isolates of Malassezia, namely, M. furfur (n ϭ 24), M. pachydermatis (n ϭ 10), M. sympodialis (n ϭ 21), and M. slooffiae (n ϭ 15). M. furfur was obtained from human skin, that of neonates with long stays in intensive care units. M. pachydermatis and M. slooffiae were obtained from healthy and diseased ears of dogs and pigs, respectively. M. sympodialis was isolated from normal human skin. Susceptibility testing of the drugs was initially performed with M. restricta (n ϭ 1), M. obtusa (n ϭ 1), and M. globosa (n ϭ 24). However, we were unable to obtain MICs due to the ...

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Nosocomial Malassezia pachydermatis bloodstream infections in a neonatal intensive care unit

Cited by 99 publications

References 0 publications

Immunology of Diseases Associated withMalasseziaSpecies

Immunology of Diseases Associated withMalasseziaSpecies

Malassezia pachydermatis: a review

In Vitro Susceptibilities ofMalasseziaSpecies to a New Triazole, Albaconazole (UR-9825), and Other Antifungal Compounds

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