“…In the hospital setting of developing countries, where sub-optimal infection control and resource utilization may adversely affect surgical outcome, HAI rates are predictably higher (e.g 49% in India) than those in developed countries where rates range from 5.5% to 30.8% [2,3,4,5]. We report the frequency of HAIs and the associated case fatality rate among post-cardiac surgery pediatric patients admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU), at the Aga Khan University (AKU), Karachi, Pakistan between January 2008 and June 2009.…”