Norwegian Police Use of Firearms: Critical Decision-Makingin Dynamic and Stressful Situations

Henriksen, Steinar Vee; Kruke, Bjørn Ivar

doi:10.18261/issn.2703-7045-2020-02-03

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…If learners disassociate from or disbelieve teaching and learning situations or are distracted by specific details (such as in the case of the constables and their inability to take the roleplay scenarios seriously) then it is likely that learning situations will fail, and the intention of the lesson will be lost (Di Nota & Huhta, 2019; Henriksen & Kruke, 2020). All the constables spoke about completing the roleplay scenarios to satisfy training requirements and the academy facilitators, but in doing so, it was clear that the constables were frustrated by the inability of the academy to recognise that this type of learning was not preparing them for actual police work.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Insufficient guidance and a lack of preparation”: Police academy training and the reality of police work

Miles-Johnson

2023

Journal of Criminology

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Police academy training is the foundation of police performance. In Australia, police academy programs are usually delivered internally by police officers and are underpinned by traditional policing practices and acceptable methods of response deemed suitable. There is little research, however, which determines whether Australian police academies adequately prepare recruits to conduct police work or prime recruits for the reality of policing. Analysing data collected from 46 constables working in one of the largest Australian police organisations, this research offers original insight into a previously under-research area regarding the effectiveness of police academy training in preparing recruits for general-duties police work.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Insufficient guidance and a lack of preparation”: Police academy training and the reality of police work

Miles-Johnson

2023

Journal of Criminology

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“…This made arming of the police faster and easier, the numbers of armed responses rose dramatically -from 1500 missions in 2007 to more than 5800 in 2016. 16 One interesting aspect was that the actual use of firearms did not rise proportionally (Henriksen and Kruke 2020). Norwegian police officers still rarely use their arms.…”

Section: Arming the Policementioning

confidence: 99%

July 22nd a window of opportunity for police reform?

Larsson¹

2022

NTfK

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This article deals with questions concerning the relationship between the Norwegian police reform of 2016 and the terrorist attack at Utøya in 2011. The 2016 reform is often presented as an automatic response to the attack by media, politicians and the Police Director. As something that had to be done. A reform that had been in the cupboard for more than a decade since the previous reform of 2000 and was simply dusted off and presented as a neat and fresh general solution to many different problems facing the police. The article argues that the terror attack on July 22nd and the subsequent July 22nd Report (The Gjørv Report, NOU 2012:14) presented “a window of opportunity”or police management to make changes not only in the organization of the police, but also in regard to basic ideals of policing. These are changes that would have raised political resistance under normal circumstances. Furthermore, they had little connection to the basic problems of the force as identified in the July 22nd Report and in the debate concerning the police response after the attack.

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“… Blair et al (2011) demonstrated in their experiment that police officers were not able to shoot at an armed suspect in time even if they already aimed their firearm at the attacker. Henriksen and Kruke (2020) observed that stressed police officers tended to hold their fire in threatening situations thus leading to an imminent attack which might have been avoidable if they had engaged earlier. At the same time, Witt and Brockmole (2012) showed that participants carrying a handgun are more likely to classify non-hazardous objects held by suspects as handguns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When failure is not an option: a police firearms training concept for improving decision-making in shoot/don’t shoot scenarios

Olma,

Sutter,

Sülzenbrück

2024

Front. Psychol.

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Sometimes, policing requires a quick and correct assessment of potentially hazardous situations. The training of tactical gaze control and visual attention, and its positive impact on efficient shoot/don’t shoot decisions in police cadets’ use of firearms has recently been demonstrated. On this basis, we designed an individual videobased police firearms training that was grounded on the Four-Component Instructional Design Model (4C/ID). We shifted toward an individual blended learning approach where we applied an intervention training focused on situational awareness, tactical gaze control, and visual attention. In a preregistered lab experiment, N = 45 senior police officers were randomly allocated to the intervention training or an active control training that resembled a traditional police firearms training. Both groups watched a self-produced educational video before proceeding to the practical training in our indoor firing range. In a pre- and post-test, they engaged in realistic shoot/don’t shoot video scenarios. Both groups did very well regarding decision-making, the optimal muzzle position, and the tactical conduct to keep both eyes open before shooting. Although both groups performed on a comparable level in the pre-test’s shoot scenarios, the intervention group significantly improved their response times and time until the first hit. Overall, we were able to provide an adapted, didactically based police firearms training that supplements current standards. We demonstrated that experts are still susceptible to innovative training concepts and therefore substantiate the recommendation to devote more attention to approaches that emphasize the importance of situational awareness, tactical gaze control, and visual attention in police firearms training.

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Norwegian Police Use of Firearms: Critical Decision-Makingin Dynamic and Stressful Situations

Cited by 13 publications

References 64 publications

“Insufficient guidance and a lack of preparation”: Police academy training and the reality of police work

“Insufficient guidance and a lack of preparation”: Police academy training and the reality of police work

July 22nd a window of opportunity for police reform?

When failure is not an option: a police firearms training concept for improving decision-making in shoot/don’t shoot scenarios

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