Northward Migration and the Rise of Racial Disparity in American Incarceration, 1880–1950

Muller, Christopher

doi:10.1086/666384

Cited by 106 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…If anything, the relationship is downward sloping and curvilinear. These findings, like those of other studies, suggest that large racial disparities in the cumulative risk of imprisonment or parental imprisonment do not simply reflect a high cumulative risk for all groups (Muller 2012 …”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 83%

Geographic Variation in the Cumulative Risk of Imprisonment and Parental Imprisonment in the United States

Muller

Wildeman

2016

Demography

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This article reports estimates of the cumulative risk of imprisonment and parental imprisonment for demographic groups in four regions and four states. Regional and state-level cumulative risks were markedly higher for African Americans and Latinos than for whites. African Americans faced the highest cumulative risks of imprisonment in the Midwest, Northeast, and two southern states. Latinos were most likely to serve time in state prison in the West, where their cumulative risk was comparable to that of African Americans. Latino children had a relatively high risk of having a parent imprisoned in the Northeast as well. Racial disparities in the cumulative risk of imprisonment and parental imprisonment did not increase linearly with increases in the cumulative risk for all groups.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 83%

Geographic Variation in the Cumulative Risk of Imprisonment and Parental Imprisonment in the United States

Muller

Wildeman

2016

Demography

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“…Although identification of the forces and processes structuring a state's policy regime is beyond the scope of this study, prior research suggests that systems of racial stratification and classification (Brown 2013a;Fox 2010;Muller 2012;Quadagno 1994;Soss et al 2011), political institutions (Barker 2009;Tonry 2007;Weir, Orloff, and Skocpol 1988), the composition of electoral coalitions (Esping-Andersen 1990; Sutton 2013), path-dependent processes of legislation and policy implementation (Hacker 2002;Pierson 2000), and the discourses, organizational strength, and legitimacy of professional and advocacy organizations (Garland 2001;Gottschalk 2006;Page 2011) are important forces in structuring whether states will embrace redistributive, punitive, or paternalistic forms of policy intervention. Future research should consider child protection policy as an additional outcome in analyses of the formation of state policy regimes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saving Children, Controlling Families: Punishment, redistribution and child protection

Edwards¹

2016

Preprint

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This study shows that state efforts at child protection are structured by the policy regimes in which they are enmeshed. Using administrative data on child protection, criminal justice, and social welfare interventions, I show that children are separated from their families and placed into foster care far more frequently in states with extensive and punitive criminal justice systems than in states with broad and generous welfare programs. However, large welfare bureaucracies interact with welfare program enrollment to create opportunities for the surveillance of families, suggesting that extensive and administratively complex welfare states engage in "soft" social control through the surveillance and regulation of family behavior. The article further shows that institutionalization, a particularly restrictive form of foster care placement, is least common in states with broad and generous welfare regimes and generally more common under punitive regimes. Taken together, these findings show that policy regimes influence the interaction between families and the state through their proximate effects on family structure and well-being and through institutional effects that delimit the routines and scripts through which policymakers and street-level bureaucrats intervene to protect children.

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“…Police forces, even those staffed by minorities, are tasked with maintaining segregation and the structures that reinforce White dominance. Moreover, White immigrants used control of police to improve their own competitive economic position by repressing Blacks (Muller 2012;Olzak and Shanahan 2014). State institutions created by the majority typically operate under assumptions and practices that automatically and invisibly privilege the majority, even without overt discrimination.…”

Section: Of 39mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ethnic Dimensions in Social Movements*

Oliver¹

2017

Mobilization: An International Quarterly

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This paper draws on work in the social construction of race and ethnicity to explain why race/ethnic divisions are so often axes of domination and why these divisions are central to social movements. Ethnic/racial groups are constructed in political processes that are intertwined with state formation and social movements. Processes of state formation create ethnic/racial groups, and define majorities and minorities, and create racial/ethnic structures of domination. Physical and social segregation in tandem with intergenerational inheritance creates network cliquing that reinforces group boundaries, group differences, and group interests. Movements by members of dominant racial/ethnic majorities differ from movements by members of subordinate racial/ethnic minorities in key ways including access to democratic processes for achieving group goals, experience of repression, need for allies, identity construction, processes of consciousness raising, and bases of mobilization. The "ethnic dimensions" matter for all social movements.

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Northward Migration and the Rise of Racial Disparity in American Incarceration, 1880–1950

Cited by 106 publications

References 59 publications

Geographic Variation in the Cumulative Risk of Imprisonment and Parental Imprisonment in the United States

Geographic Variation in the Cumulative Risk of Imprisonment and Parental Imprisonment in the United States

Saving Children, Controlling Families: Punishment, redistribution and child protection

The Ethnic Dimensions in Social Movements*

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