Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis)

Hatch, Scott A.; Nettleship, David N.

doi:10.2173/tbna.361.p

Cited by 12 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…This could be due to accumulation of high levels from occasional scavenging of marine mammals or from more polluted winter habitats. IVGU, NOFU, and GLGU are known to scavenge, including marine mammals ( − ), although the relative rate of this scavenging is unknown. An occasional meal of an upper trophic level organism, such as a dead ringed seal, would result in a high level pulse of both POPs and δ 15 N. The whole bodies half-lives of hydrophobic POPs (such as HCBz, DDE, and mirex) in herring gulls ( Larus argentatus ) have been reported to range from approximately 100 to 400 d ().…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The greatest BMF TLC s were found in the BLKI, IVGU, GLGU, and NOFU (Table ). Three of these species scavenge carrion (IVGU, GLGU, and NOFU) ( − ) and would be periodically exposed to high concentrations of POPs by feeding on dead marine mammals. BLKI also had high BMF TLC but are not known to scavenge marine mammals ().…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high BMF TLC observed in the BLKI is likely due to accumulation of POPs in the winter habitat of the BLKI on the highly contaminated eastern seaboard of North America (). Accumulation of POPs in their winter habitat is also an issue for GLGU and NOFU, both of which migrate ( , ). IVGU do not migrate south in winter (); therefore, their high BMF TLC are due solely to scavenging of marine mammals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Chemical and Biological Factors on Trophic Transfer of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Northwater Polynya Marine Food Web

Fisk

Hobson

Norstrom

2001

Environ. Sci. Technol.

617

494

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Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and stable isotopes of nitrogen (delta 15N) were measured in zooplankton (6 species), a benthic invertebrate (Anonyx nugax), Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida), seabirds (6 species), and ringed seals (Phoca hispida) collected in 1998 in the Northwater Polynya to examine effects of biological and chemical factors on trophic transfer of POPs in an Arctic marine food web. Strong positive relationships were found between recalcitrant POP concentrations (lipid corrected) and trophic level based on stable isotopes of nitrogen, providing clear evidence of POP biomagnification in Arctic marine food webs. Food web magnification factors (FWMFs), derived from the slope of the POP--trophic level relationship, provided an overall magnification factor for the food web but over and underestimated biomagnification factors (BMFs) based on predator--prey concentrations in poikilotherms (fish) and homeotherms (seabirds and mammals), respectively. Greater biomagnification in homeotherms was attributed to their greater energy requirement and subsequent feeding rates. Within the homeotherms, seabirds had greater BMFs than ringed seals, consistent with greater energy demands in birds. Scavenging from marine mammal carcasses and accumulation in more contaminated winter habitats were considered important variables in seabird BMFs. Metabolic differences between species resulted in lower than expected BMFs, which would not be recognized in whole food web trophic level--POP relationships. The use of sigma POP groups, such as sigma PCB, is problematic because FWMFs and BMFs varied considerably between individual POPs. FWMFs of recalcitrant POPs had a strong positive relationship with log octanol--water partition coefficient (Kow). Results of this study show the utility of using delta 15N to characterize trophic level and trophic transfer of POPs but highlight the effects of species and chemical differences on trophic transfer of POPs that can be overlooked when a single magnification factor is applied to an entire food web.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Chemical and Biological Factors on Trophic Transfer of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Northwater Polynya Marine Food Web

Fisk

Hobson

Norstrom

2001

Environ. Sci. Technol.

617

494

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The AMAP 2011 Impact Assessment reviewed several studies that investigated the nonbreeding distribution and Hg contamination of various seabird species. − From their results, AMAP suggested that the lack of a significant temporal trend in Hg concentrations of Arctic seabirds that winter at low latitudes, outside of the Arctic, could be explained by a lower level of exposure to Hg during their nonbreeding period, in contrast to species wintering at higher latitudes that showed increasing Hg levels . Here we demonstrate that this explanation should not be generalized to all species wintering in the northwest Atlantic, which may actually be exposed to higher levels of Hg contamination when not breeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Ecotoxicology: Migratory Arctic Seabirds Are Exposed to Mercury Contamination While Overwintering in the Northwest Atlantic

Fort

Robertson

Grémillet

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Arctic organisms are exposed to various levels of pollutants, among which mercury (Hg) has raised important environmental concerns. Previous studies examining Hg levels, trends, and effects on Arctic marine top predators have focused on the Arctic region. However, many of these top predators, such as seabirds, migrate to spend a large part of their life cycle far from the Arctic in areas where their exposure to contaminants is largely unknown. By combining biotelemetry and Hg and stable isotope analyses, we studied the seasonal Hg contamination of little auks (Alle alle, the most abundant Arctic seabird) in relation to their distribution and marine foraging habitat, as well as its potential impacts on bird reproduction. We show that little auks were ∼ 3.5 times more contaminated when outside the breeding season, and that Hg that accumulated during this nonbreeding non-Arctic period was related to egg size the following season, with females having more Hg laying smaller eggs. Our results highlight that ecotoxicological studies should be expanded to yield a comprehensive understanding of contamination risks and associated threats to top predators over their entire annual cycle. Furthermore, we show that an important nonbreeding area located in the northwest Atlantic was associated with greater Hg contamination and demonstrate the utility of bird-borne miniaturized technology for evaluating the contamination of marine systems on large spatial scales.

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“…This monitoring is used by researchers in the Atlantic and Canadian Arctic and in the Pacific (Mallory 2008;Provencher et al 2009;Nevins et al 2011;Avery-Gomm et al 2012, 2018Donnelly-Greenan et al 2014;Bond et al 2014;Trevail et al 2015;Poon et al 2017;Terepocki et al 2017;Baak et al 2020). In principle this monitoring can be implemented throughout the fulmars Atlantic and Pacific breeding ranges (Hatch & Nettleship 1998) and has been promoted as monitoring species in the Arctic Ocean (AMAP 2021).…”

Section: Info Boxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fulmar litter threshold value monitoring in the Netherlands : update 2020

Kühn¹,

Meijboom²,

Bittner³

et al. 2021

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Wageningen Marine Research aanvaardt geen aansprakelijkheid voor gevolgschade, noch voor schade welke voortvloeit uit toepassingen van de resultaten van werkzaamheden of andere gegevens verkregen van Wageningen Marine Research. Opdrachtgever vrijwaart Wageningen Marine Research van aanspraken van derden in verband met deze toepassing. Alle rechten voorbehouden. Niets uit deze uitgave mag weergegeven en/of gepubliceerd worden, gefotokopieerd of op enige andere manier gebruikt worden zonder schriftelijke toestemming van de uitgever of auteur.

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Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis)

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of Chemical and Biological Factors on Trophic Transfer of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Northwater Polynya Marine Food Web

Influence of Chemical and Biological Factors on Trophic Transfer of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Northwater Polynya Marine Food Web

Spatial Ecotoxicology: Migratory Arctic Seabirds Are Exposed to Mercury Contamination While Overwintering in the Northwest Atlantic

Fulmar litter threshold value monitoring in the Netherlands : update 2020

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