Fulmar litter threshold value monitoring in the Netherlands : update 2020

Kühn, Susanne; Meijboom, A.; Bittner, Oliver; Franeker, J.A. van

doi:10.18174/553736

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Vanaf circa 1980 is de hoeveelheid pellets in de magen van deze vogels wel significant afgenomen. Tegenwoordig hebben stormvogels gemiddeld 1.6 plastic pellets per maag (meet periode 2016-2020; Kühn et al, 2021). In Nederland zijn plastic pellets verder ook aangetroffen in andere zeevogels, zoals meeuwen en duikers (Van Franeker, 1983;Foekema et al, 2020) en bruinvissen (Van Franeker et al, 2018).…”

Section: Effecten Van Plastic Pellets Op Soorten En Ecosystemenunclassified

Inventarisatie aspecten rondom opruimen microplastics na maritieme incidenten

Foekema¹,

Kühn²,

Elschot³

et al. 2021

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Section: Effecten Van Plastic Pellets Op Soorten En Ecosystemenunclassified

Inventarisatie aspecten rondom opruimen microplastics na maritieme incidenten

Foekema¹,

Kühn²,

Elschot³

et al. 2021

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“…From about 1980, the amount of pellets in the stomachs of these birds has significantly decreased. Nowadays, on average 1.6 plastic pellets are found per fulmar's stomach (measuring period 2016-2020; Kühn et al, 2021). In the Netherlands, plastic pellets have also been found in other seabirds, such as gulls and divers (Van Franeker, 1983;Foekema et al, 2020), and in harbor porpoises (Van Franeker et al, 2018).…”

Section: Effecten Van Plastic Pellets Op Soorten En Ecosystemenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inventory of aspects related to cleaning up microplastics after maritime incidents

Foekema¹,

Kühn²,

Elschot³

et al. 2021

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The project Samenwerking Kustverontreiniging na Maritieme Incidenten (Cooperation Coastal Pollution after Maritime Incidents) explores how Rijkswaterstaat can better assist municipalities in cleaning up pollution that washes up on the coast after maritime incidents. In this context, an inventory has been made of methods that can be used to clean up the coastline from microplastics (particularly industrial pellets) that have ended up in the sea as a result of an incident.Broadly speaking, there are three methods used to remove microplastics, namely raking, shovelling or vacuuming, after which a sieve may or may not be used to separate materials.Shovelling or raking are suitable methods for removing plastics from soft sediments without vegetation, such as beaches and possibly tidal flats. On hard substrates, and on moist sand, the 'hoover' is an effective way to collect microplastics reasonably selectively, especially as long as the pellets are still on top of the sand. If the sand is dry, a combination with a sieving system is needed to separate the microplastics from the sand that is also collected. Vacuum cleaning can also be applied to overgrown areas, but as the overgrowth becomes denser, the efficiency with which microplastics are collected decreases. For the vacuum method to work effectively, it is also important to avoid vacuuming coarse (plant) material, as this can quickly clog the vacuum hose. All methods can be used on a small scale, manually, or on a large scale, motorised. Vacuum cleaning seems to be the most suitable method for cleaning up washed-up microplastics from the various substrates. There are a few companies that bring vacuum cleaning systems for the removal of microplastics to the market. These cleaning systems may or may not be equipped with systems that separate the waste, although separating microplastics and plant remains within a size fraction is not yet possible.It is inevitable that organisms will be damaged or removed during clean-up operations. However, if these clean-up operations takes place in a limited area, quick recovery from the surrounding terrain is possible, provided that the structure of the subsurface has not been changed. Therefore, vacuuming is preferred to excavating and mowing.To minimise the area that needs to be cleaned up, a fast response after an incident is important, as plastics can then be cleared while still concentrated in the flood mark. Ideally, an affected beach should be closed to the public so that plastics do not end up deeper in the sand through foot traffic or vehicles. For salt marshes, it is important to act quickly if the plastics are still low on the locations where the vegetation is less dense. Densely vegetated salt marshes (and silty tidal flats) are difficult to clean without substantial impact on the local system. Ideally, contamination of these areas is prevented by collecting the plastics from the water at an early stage, for example by using oil screens.If microplastics do end up in these areas, 'doing nothing' seems to be the best optio...

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