North-South Asymmetry of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field Magnitude and the Geomagnetic Indices

Abstract

Data of the daily interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), and the geomagnetic indices (aa, Ap, Kp, and DST) have been used to examine the asymmetry between the solar field north and south of the heliospheric current sheet, over the period (1975-2013). It important to note that during the positive polarity epochs: (T) refers to Toward the South of the heliospheric current sheet (Southern Hemisphere), and (A) refers to Away from North of the heliospheric current sheet (Northern Hemisphere). While, during the negative polarity epochs the opposite will be happened. The present study finds no clear indication of the presence of north-south asymmetry in the field magnitude, and also there is no magnetic solar cycle dependence that is evident. During the considered period, the north-south asymmetry for the considered parameters reaches maximum values around the declining phase or near to the minimum of the solar cycle. The geomagnetic indices have a clear asymmetry during the positive solar magnetic polarity period (qA > 0) and have a northern dominance during cycles (22 & 23) and southern dominance during cycles (21 & 24). From the power spectrum density, the considered parameters showed significant peaks which appeared in the north-south asymmetry but the 10.7 yr solar cycle was absent. In addition, the main periodicity of the asymmetry may be 5.2, 4.0 and 3.3 years that exist in the parameters with higher confidence levels. Finally, one can conclude that the asymmetry of the interplanetary parameters and the geomagnetic indices may provide multiple causes for producing the observed asymmetric modulations of cosmic rays.

The Influence of Hemispheric Solar Activity Features on the Interplanetary Plasma Parameters throughout 1967 ̶ 2017

“…Regarding the heliographic equator, the asymmetrical distribution of the solar wind has been identified [11,12]. Moreover, the N-S asymmetry of interplanetary magnetic field magnitude (B) has been examined [13,14]. Furthermore, Makarov [15] studied the N-S asymmetry of geomagnetic activity and solar wind electric field according to the sign of the IMF sector structure from (to) the Sun which represents positive (negative) sector.…”