North Atlantic circulation and variability, reviewed for the CNLS conference

Talley, Lynne D.

doi:10.1016/0167-2789(96)00123-6

Cited by 61 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The rate of mode water formation appears closely related to the phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) 2,[7][8][9] , the dominant mode of atmospheric variability in the region that is generally defined as the winter (December-March) atmospheric pressure difference between Iceland and the Azores 10 . In a negative phase of the NAO, the pressure difference weakens, slowing the speed of the atmospheric jet stream across the North Atlantic and increasing storminess off eastern North America.…”

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confidence: 99%

Two centuries of limited variability in subtropical North Atlantic thermocline ventilation

et al. 2012

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Ventilation and mixing of oceanic gyres is important to ocean-atmosphere heat and gas transfer, and to mid-latitude nutrient supply. The rates of mode water formation are believed to impact climate and carbon exchange between the surface and mid-depth water over decadal periods. Here, a record of 14 C/ 12 C (1780-1940), which is a proxy for vertical ocean mixing, from an annually banded coral from Bermuda, shows limited inter-annual variability and a substantial suess Effect (the decrease in 14 C/ 12 C since 1900). The sargasso sea mixing rates between the surface and thermocline varied minimally over the past two centuries, despite changes to mean-hemispheric climate, including the Little Ice Age and variability in the north Atlantic oscillation. This result indicates that regional formation rates of sub-tropical mode water are stable over decades, and that anthropogenic carbon absorbed by the ocean does not return to the surface at a variable rate.

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confidence: 99%

Two centuries of limited variability in subtropical North Atlantic thermocline ventilation

et al. 2012

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“…Local wintertime sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) are correlated with NAO since 1955 ( Fig. 1) and reflect the larger-scale SSTA variability of the western North Atlantic (Joyce & Robbins 1996, Talley 1996. Despite its slow growth rate (less than one half of Pacific Porites spp.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How brain corals record climate: an integration of skeletal structure, growth and chemistry of Diploria labyrinthiformis from Bermuda

Cohen

Smith²,

McCartney³

et al. 2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The aragonite skeleton of massive reef-building corals contains a record of the oceanic environment in which they grow. However, reading of the record requires understanding of how it is archived, a process complicated by the elaborate skeletal construction and seasonal growth patterns that characterize many species. In this study, we assess the utility of the massive brain coral Diploria labyrinthiformis as an archive of sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the western North Atlantic. In situ staining of live colonies combined with microscale analysis of skeletal chemistry indicate that D. labyrinthiformis grows throughout the year on Bermuda and records the full annual cycle of SST variability. However, skeleton accreted during the summer is overlain (thickened) by skeleton accreted during the subsequent fall and winter. As a result, conventional coarse sampling for δ 18 O enables seasonal δ 18 O cycles to be resolved but these do not capture the full amplitude of the annual SST cycle. Our data show that the shallow gradient of the δ 18 O-SST regression equation derived for D. labyrinthiformis (-0.113 ‰ ºC -1 ) relative to the expected -0.22 ‰ ºC -1 for marine skeletons results from dampening of the summertime peak in δ 18 O. In contrast, skeleton accreted during the winter is not thickened and wintertime δ 18 O captures the interannual wintertime SST variability at this site. Using SIMS ion microprobe to analyse strontium to calcium ratios (Sr/Ca), we avoided the thickening deposits and were able to resolve the full amplitude of the annual Sr/Ca cycle. The Sr/Ca-SST relationship obtained for D. labyrinthiformis (-0.0843 mmol/mol ºC -1 ) corresponds to that derived from fast-growing tropical reef corals. X-ray intensity ratios, used as a proxy for skeletal density, reveal the expected seasonal changes associated with growth banding as well as variability on interannual and decadal timescales. These variations are well correlated with wintertime SST variability in the subtropical gyre and may be a valuable proxy thermometer for the North Atlantic.

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“…The seasonal cycle for our 11-yr period is essentially the same as described by Talley (1996) for the period 1954-78. In Fig.…”

Section: Fig 1 Location Of Station S (Black Circle) and Bats Sites mentioning

confidence: 56%

“…2 we see that the deepest local winter mixed layers (Ͻ200-m depth) occur at the time of the maximum surface density in March. As noted by Talley and Raymer (1982), surface waters at Bermuda in the winter are lighter and warmer than the underlying 18°W ater. Thus, the ventilation of 18°Water does not occur locally at Bermuda in the mean.…”

Section: Fig 1 Location Of Station S (Black Circle) and Bats Sites mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Previous interest in the Bermuda time series has been as a window into interannual to decadal climate variability (e.g., Talley and Raymer 1982;Jenkins 1982;Roemmich 1990;Talley 1996;Joyce and Robbins 1996). Station S has provided one of the few long-term time series of temperature, salinity, and pressure from the surface to the (relatively) deep ocean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bermuda’s Tale of Two Time Series: Hydrostation S and BATS*

Phillips

Joyce

2007

Journal of Physical Oceanography

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This paper describes the oceanic variability at Bermuda between 1989 and 1999, recorded in two overlapping hydrographic time series. Station S and Bermuda Atlantic Time Series Study (BATS), which are 60 km apart, both show that a multidecadal trend of deep warming has reversed, likely as a result of the increased production of Labrador Sea Water since the early 1980s. In addition to recording similar changes in watermass properties, the two time series show similar mean vertical structure and variance as a function of pressure for temperature, salinity, and density above 1500 dbar. The seasonal cycles of these water properties at the two sites are statistically indistinguishable. The time series differ in the individual eddy events they record and in their variability below 1500 dbar. The two time series are used to investigate the propagation of eddy features. Coherence and phase calculated from the low-mode variability of density show westward propagation at ϳ3 cm s Ϫ1 of wavelengths around 300-500 km. Satellite altimeter data are used to provide a broader spatial view of the eddy (or wave) field near Bermuda.

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North Atlantic circulation and variability, reviewed for the CNLS conference

Cited by 61 publications

References 71 publications

Two centuries of limited variability in subtropical North Atlantic thermocline ventilation

Two centuries of limited variability in subtropical North Atlantic thermocline ventilation

How brain corals record climate: an integration of skeletal structure, growth and chemistry of Diploria labyrinthiformis from Bermuda

Bermuda’s Tale of Two Time Series: Hydrostation S and BATS*

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