Norovirus-Specific Immunoglobulin A in Breast Milk for Protection Against Norovirus-Associated Diarrhea Among Infants

Labayo, Hannah Karen Mina; Pajuelo, Mónica; Tohma, Kentaro; Ford-Siltz, Lauren A.; Gilman, Robert H.; Cabrera, Lilia; Mayta, Holger; Sánchez, Gerardo; Cornejo, Anniuska Toledo; Bern, Caryn; Dapat, Clyde; Nochi, Tomonori; Parra, Gabriel I.; Oshitani, Hitoshi; Saito, Mayuko

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3578775

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our study, like others, shows that a higher risk of norovirus AGE in the first year of life is associated with child's secretor-positive phenotype but not with Lewis-positive phenotype. 16,17,25 However, an important finding in our study is the protective association of mother's secretor-positive phenotype on norovirus AGE, unlike other studies which have found fewer norovirus infections among children of non-secretor mothers, 26 an enhanced protection against all-cause diarrhea in breastfed children of non-secretor mothers, 27 or no effect on norovirus infections. 16 The protective effect of mother's secretor-positive phenotype noted in our study might be explained by higher concentrations of specific human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) and HBGAs in breastmilk, which in turn can inhibit norovirus binding to the infant's intestinal epithelium.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…[28][29][30] It is also possible that breastmilk from secretor-positive mothers contains higher titers of norovirus-specific IgA that can neutralize norovirus in the infant's gut. 26,31,32 Another possible explanation is that secretor-positive mothers might transfer higher titers of norovirus-specific IgG antibodies with broader specificity to their children through the placenta, and such maternal antibodies contribute to limited infections very early in life; the protective effect of maternal antibodies on norovirus disease have not been extensively explored. 33 Future studies should further investigate these associations to better understand the role of maternal secretor status on risk of norovirus and sapovirus AGE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Association between breastfeeding, host genetic factors, and calicivirus gastroenteritis in a Nicaraguan birth cohort

Vielot

François

González

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Norovirus and sapovirus are important causes of childhood acute gastroenteritis (AGE). Breastfeeding prevents AGE generally; however, it is unknown if breastfeeding prevents AGE caused specifically by norovirus and sapovirus. Methods We investigated the association between breastfeeding and norovirus or sapovirus AGE episodes in a birth cohort. Weekly data on breastfeeding and AGE episodes were captured during the first year of life. Stools were collected from children with AGE and tested by RT-qPCR for norovirus and sapovirus. Time-dependent Cox models estimated associations between weekly breastfeeding and time to first norovirus or sapovirus AGE. Findings From June 2017 to July 2018, 444 newborns were enrolled in the study. In the first year of life, 69 and 34 children experienced a norovirus and a sapovirus episode, respectively. Exclusive breastfeeding lasted a median of 2 weeks, and any breastfeeding lasted a median of 42 weeks. Breastfeeding in the last week did not prevent norovirus (HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.62, 1.92) or sapovirus (HR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.82, 1.21) AGE in a given week, adjusting for household sanitation, consumption of high-risk foods, and mother’s and child’s histo-blood group phenotypes. Maternal secretor-positive phenotype was protective against norovirus AGE, whereas child’s secretor-positive phenotype was a risk factor for norovirus AGE. Interpretation Exclusive breastfeeding in this population was short-lived, and no conclusions could be drawn about its potential to prevent norovirus or sapovirus AGE. Non-exclusive breastfeeding did not prevent norovirus or sapovirus AGE in the first year of life. However, maternal secretor-positive phenotype was associated with a reduced hazard of norovirus AGE.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between breastfeeding, host genetic factors, and calicivirus gastroenteritis in a Nicaraguan birth cohort

Vielot

François

González

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Meanwhile, the incidence of viruses was low in infants aged 0–6 months. It is generally believed that maternal antibodies could be a protective factor for children early in their life during the breastfeeding period [ 36 , 37 ]. In addition, rotavirus and norovirus infections might result in protective immunity against reinfection after 2 years of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus and Norovirus Infections in Children Under 5 Years Old with Acute Gastroenteritis in Southwestern China, 2018–2020

Yang

Shi

Chen

et al. 2022

J Epidemiol Glob Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective Rotaviruses and noroviruses are important causes of acute gastroenteritis in children. While previous studies in China have mainly focused on rotavirus, we investigated the incidence of norovirus in addition to rotavirus in Southwestern China. Methods From January 2018 to December 2020, cases of rotavirus or norovirus infections among children under five ages with acute gastroenteritis were evaluated retrospectively. Results The detection rate of rotavirus was 24.5% (27,237/111,070) and norovirus was 26.1% (4649/17,797). Among 17,113 cases submitted for dual testing of both rotavirus and norovirus, mixed rotavirus/norovirus infections were detected in 5.0% (859/17,113) of cases. While there was no difference in norovirus incidence in outpatient compared to hospitalized cases, rotavirus was detected two times more in outpatients compared to hospitalized cases (26.6% vs.13.6%; P < 0.001). Both rotavirus and norovirus infections peaked in children aged 12–18 months seeking medical care with acute gastroenteritis (35.6% rotavirus cases; 8439/23,728 and 32.5% norovirus cases; 1660/5107). Rotavirus infections were frequent between December and March of each year while norovirus was detected earlier from October to December. Our results showed significant correlation between virus detection and environmental factors such as average monthly temperature but not relative humidity. In addition, we observed a reduction in the detection rates of rotavirus and norovirus at the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2020. Conclusion Our results indicate that rotavirus and norovirus are still important viral agents in pediatric acute gastroenteritis in Southwestern China.

show abstract

“…However, despite these recommendations and evidence, some mothers have declined vaccination, chosen, or been advised to discard their milk for up to 72 hours post vaccine, or decided to stop breastfeeding earlier than planned due to the lack of solid evidence about the effect of the mRNA vaccine on human milk and infant health. An important benefit of human milk is the presence of IgA antibodies that provide passive immunity to the infant 7,8 . In addition, anti-SARS-CoV2 antibodies were recently shown to be present in milk from lactating women that were infected with SARS-CoV2 9,10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An important benefit of human milk is the presence of IgA and IgG antibodies that provide passive immunity to the infant (1,2). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are present in milk from lactating women who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 (3,4) or who received COVID-19 mRNA vaccines (5)(6)(7)(8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Lactation: Assessment of adverse events and vaccine related antibodies in mother-infant dyads

Golan

Prahl

Cassidy

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Importance: Data regarding efficacy and safety of anti-COVID-19 mRNA vaccines during lactation is needed to address vaccination guidelines, ease vaccine hesitancy concerns, and inform public health strategies for this population. Objective: To determine whether anti-COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccines administered during lactation illicit an immune response or the transfer of anti-SARS-CoV2 antibodies into human milk. Design: Plasma and milk samples were collected from a prospective cohort of lactating individuals who received the mRNA-based vaccines for COVID-19 and from individuals who recovered from COVID-19 infection. Setting: Ambulatory or during postpartum hospitalization. Participants: We report results from lactating participants who received the mRNA-1273 (Moderna, n=9) or the BNT162b2 (Pfizer, n=14) vaccine or recovered from natural SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=3). Interventions and Exposures: Anti-COVID-19 mRNA vaccination (BNT-162b2 and mRNA-1273) or natural SARS-CoV-2 infection. Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s): Plasma and milk samples were collected from lactating individuals before first vaccine dose, on the day of the second dose, and 4 weeks after the second dose. Maternal plasma was evaluated for vaccine-derived IgM and IgG antibodies. Human milk was evaluated by ELISA for vaccine-induced IgA antibodies specific for SARS-CoV-2. Results: Twenty-three lactating individuals were recruited for this study. Levels of IgG and IgM were significantly increased in plasma samples on the day of the second vaccine dose (post vaccine 1), when compared to pre-vaccine samples. In addition, plasma IgG levels 4 weeks after second vaccine dose were significantly higher than plasma IgG levels pre-vaccine or on the day of the second dose. In addition, our results show transfer of anti-SARS-CoV2-Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) IgA antibodies to human milk, 3-4 weeks after each dose of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines (BNT-162b2 and mRNA-1273). The levels of anti-SARS-CoV2-RBD IgA antibody in milk of vaccinated individuals were not significantly different from levels among participants who experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions and Relevance: Administration of anti-COVID-19 mRNA vaccines during lactation leads to increased anti-SARS-CoV2 IgM and IgG levels in the plasma of lactating mothers and increased anti-SARS-CoV2-RBD IgA levels in human milk. Lactating women who receive the vaccine should continue breastfeeding their infant human milk to allow continuing transfer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibodies to the neonate. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the effect of these vaccines on lactation outcomes and infant health.

show abstract

Norovirus-Specific Immunoglobulin A in Breast Milk for Protection Against Norovirus-Associated Diarrhea Among Infants

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Association between breastfeeding, host genetic factors, and calicivirus gastroenteritis in a Nicaraguan birth cohort

Association between breastfeeding, host genetic factors, and calicivirus gastroenteritis in a Nicaraguan birth cohort

Rotavirus and Norovirus Infections in Children Under 5 Years Old with Acute Gastroenteritis in Southwestern China, 2018–2020

COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Lactation: Assessment of adverse events and vaccine related antibodies in mother-infant dyads

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About