Rotavirus and Norovirus Infections in Children Under 5 Years Old with Acute Gastroenteritis in Southwestern China, 2018–2020

Yang, Longyu; Shi, Shulan; Chen, Na; Li, Bai; Zhao, Zhimei; Tao, Yang; Yao, Yingshui

doi:10.1007/s44197-022-00050-8

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The top two pathogens in the surveillance of diarrheal disease are norovirus and rotavirus, both of which are common pathogens of viral diarrhea. Norovirus is a highly contagious enterovirus that is easily spread through indirect contact with food raw materials, so the possible role of cockroaches in carrying pathogens cannot be ignored 44 .Patience et al detected rotavirus in cockroaches captured in the hospital 12 , which was not detected in our cockroaches but detected in human diarrhoeal disease surveillance, suggesting that people may be infected with rotavirus through other routes/vectors. In a ranking on the risk of foodborne microbial hazards, Norovirus cases were included in infectious or toxic diseases caused by the consumption of food or water 45 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Incidence of Cockroach Populations and Intestinal Pathogens in Different Food-Related Environments

Liu,

Yuan,

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Cockroaches are considered mechanical transmitters of disease, especially in food-related environments, and may pose a risk to human health. This study assessed the potential of cockroaches in food-related environments to mechanically transmit intestinal pathogens. The captured cockroaches with trap were placed together in a low temperature refrigerator at -80 degrees for 2 hours. Standard taxonomic keys and Fluorescent quantitative PCR techniques was applied for species identification and etiological examination. A total of 360 cockroach traps were placed, and 75 of them caught cockroaches (20.83%). The cockroach capture rate in kitchens of catering places was higher than that in handling rooms and storage rooms (P < 0.01). The captured cockroaches were Blattella germanica and Periplaneta fuliginosa. The results showed that both the cockroach species composition and the number of nymphs and adults were significantly different among different types of places (P < 0.05). A total of 8 intestinal pathogens were detected, mainly intestinal viruses infection, sapovirus was the most detected. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated bacterium. Blastocystis hominis had the highest isolation rate. In contrast, 12 diarrhoeal disease pathogens were isolated, and the viruses and bacteria with the highest frequencies were norovirus and E. coli, respectively; no parasites were detected. B. germanica and P. fuliginosa in food-related environments can act as potential vectors for the transmission of intestinal pathogens and may pose a major threat to public health. Therefore, catering places need to strengthen and standardize environmental hygiene.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Incidence of Cockroach Populations and Intestinal Pathogens in Different Food-Related Environments

Liu,

Yuan,

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…According to epidemiologic surveillance from 2016 to 2018 by CaliciNet China, norovirus outbreaks mainly occurred from November to March 19 . Yang et al reported that norovirus had a higher prevalence rate from October to December in 2018 and 2022 20 . Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Etiology of Diarrhea Surveillance Study Team also reported a similar seasonal pattern 21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…19 Yang et al reported that norovirus had a higher prevalence rate from October to December in 2018 and 2022. 20 Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Etiology of Diarrhea | 5 of 7…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological characteristics of norovirus infection in pediatric patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Wang

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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To assess the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus infection. We included 5564 patients under the age of 18 years who visited the hospital in which the study took place from December 2020 to November 2022 with a primary diagnosis of acute diarrhea. Clinical information was extracted from the electronic health record system. We calculated the prevalence of norovirus infection by age, gender, season, year, and type of patients. A nonlinear association between age and prevalence rates was assessed using a restricted cubic spline regression model. A total of 5564 patients completed the test for human norovirus, among whom 1442 (25.9%) tested positive. The prevalence of norovirus infection was significantly lower in 2022 than in 2021 (35.9% vs. 53.7%, p < 0.001), and the highest prevalence was observed in winter (35.1%) and then followed by autumn (27.5%). Regarding the age pattern, the highest rate was seen in children aged 1-3 years (37.5%). Children at age 1.5 years may have the highest risk of having norovirus infection (P nonlinear < 0.001). The prevalence of norovirus infection of norovirus during the COVID-19 pandemic was similar to that before the pandemic shown in literatures. A relatively high rate was observed in cool seasons and in younger children (i.e., 1-3 years).

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“…Norovirus is an enterovirus with strong contagiousness and is easily transmitted through food materials, aerosols, and other indirect contacts. [22] When an infected child is found in childcare facilities, some special precautions should be taken to avoid cluster infection. As for the distribution of onset time for infectious diarrhea, January (13.85%), December (12.69%), August (12.31%), February (11.92%), and July (8.46%) were the top 5 frequent times.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical characteristics and influencing factors of infectious diarrhea in preschool children: An observational study

Chen¹,

Deng²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Medicine

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Infectious diarrhea is a common disease in preschool children, but the pathogenic species, origins, and influencing factors remain debatable. Therefore, more studies are required to solve these debatable topics. A number of 260 eligible preschool children diagnosed with infectious diarrhea in our hospital were enrolled in the infection group. Meanwhile, a number of 260 matched healthy children from the health center were enrolled in the control group. The pathogenic species and origins, the time of onset of infectious diarrhea in the infection group, demographic data, exposure history, hygiene habits, dietary habits, and other variables in both groups were initially collected from medical documents. In addition, a questionnaire was used to complete and confirm study variables through face-to-face or telephone interviews. Then, the univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to screen the influencing factors of infectious diarrhea. Among 260 infected children, salmonella (15.77%), rotavirus (13.85%), shigella (11.54%), vibrio (10.38%), and norovirus (8.85%) were the top 5 common pathogens; January (13.85%), December (12.69%), August (12.31%), February (11.92%), and July (8.46%) were the top 5 frequent times of infectious diarrhea. The distribution of onset time for infectious diarrhea was commonly found in winter and summer, and the pathogens always originated from foods. The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that recent exposure to diarrhea, flies, and/or cockroaches indoors were the 2 risk factors for infectious diarrhea; Meanwhile, rotavirus vaccination, regular hand-washing, tableware disinfection, separate preparation of cooked and raw foods, and regular intake of lactobacillus products were the 5 protective factors for infectious diarrhea in preschool children. Infectious diarrhea has a diversity of pathogenic species, origins, and influencing factors in preschool children. Activities focusing on these influencing factors such as rotavirus vaccination, consumption of lactobacillus products, and other conventional factors would be beneficial to preschool children's health.

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Rotavirus and Norovirus Infections in Children Under 5 Years Old with Acute Gastroenteritis in Southwestern China, 2018–2020

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

Incidence of Cockroach Populations and Intestinal Pathogens in Different Food-Related Environments

Incidence of Cockroach Populations and Intestinal Pathogens in Different Food-Related Environments

Epidemiological characteristics of norovirus infection in pediatric patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Clinical characteristics and influencing factors of infectious diarrhea in preschool children: An observational study

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