Norovirus outbreak in a cruise ship sailing around the British Isles: Investigation and multi-agency management of an international outbreak

Vivancos, Roberto; Keenan, A.; Sopwith, Will; Smith, Ken; Quigley, Catherine; Mutton, Ken; Dardamissis, Evdokia; Nichols, Gordon; Harris, John P.; Gallimore, Christopher; Verhoef, Linda; Syed, Qutubuddin; Reíd, J. A.

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2010.03.018

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Thirteen of these were subsequently excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria: five because they were reports of outbreaks on military ships, and eight because data about the location and the characteristics of the outbreak were not available. Twenty-two articles (Morillo et al 2012;Wikswo et al 2011;Vivancos et al 2010;Xerry et al 2009;Boxman et al 2009;Xerry et al 2008;Chimonas et al 2008;Verhoef et al 2008a, b;Takkinen 2006;Koopmans et al 2006;Ferson and Ressler 2005;Isakbaeva et al 2005;Widdowson et al 2004;Gallimore et al 2003;CDC 2002;Minooee and Rickman 1999;McEvoy et al 1996;Koo et al 1996;Herwaldt et al 1994;Khan et al 1994) met the inclusion criteria and were thus included in our review.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three studies reported only the global infection rate (passengers and crewmembers together) which ranged from\1 to 41 % (Verhoef et al 2008a;Widdowson et al 2004;Wikswo et al 2011). In the studies performed by Vivancos et al, Neri et al, and the CDC, data were obtained by consulting the ship's medical team and by analyzing the lists of passengers routinely collected by travel companies (see Table 2) (Vivancos et al 2010;Neri et al 2008;CDC 2002). Fifteen studies (of a total of 53 vessels) investigated the possible source of infection which was represented by food consumed on board only, or by a multiple sources of infection (food, water, and the environment) in the majority of cases (see Table 2).…”

Section: Study Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Norovirus outbreaks on commercial cruise ships: a systematic review and new targets for the public health agenda

Scaioli

Gualano

Bert

et al. 2013

European Journal of Public Health

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Noroviruses are recognized as the leading cause of human acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide. The rate of outbreaks on cruise ships has grown significantly in recent years. Given the potentially harmful consequences of outbreaks for passengers and crewmembers and the subsequently high costs for cruise companies, disease outbreaks on cruise ships represent a serious public health issue. The aim of our study was to systematically review published studies related to Norovirus outbreaks on commercial cruise ships. We searched the PubMed and Scopus scientific databases. We included eligible studies published from January 1990 to July 2013 that were written in English and described infectious episodes involving at least two passengers and/or crewmembers on a commercial cruise ship. As a result, 15 studies and seven reviews met the inclusion criteria, describing a total of 127 outbreaks. The majority of the cases were reported in Europe and the USA, affecting <1 to 74 % of the embarked passengers. In the majority of the studies, stool samples and/or serum specimens from ill passengers were collected and tested for laboratory confirmation. Twelve studies reported that an ad-hoc questionnaire was administered. Fifteen studies investigated the possible source of infection which was contaminated food in the majority of cases. Our findings suggest a strong need for the monitoring and implementation of preventive measures in semi-closed communities, such as cruise ships. It would be advisable to strengthen all relevant initiatives in order to improve the detection of, response to and control of Norovirus outbreaks on cruise ships.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norovirus outbreaks on commercial cruise ships: a systematic review and new targets for the public health agenda

Scaioli

Gualano

Bert

et al. 2013

European Journal of Public Health

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“…The correlation matrices between the parameters for each approach are, respectively, Our overall picture, as would be expected when fitting a complex non-linear stochastic model to limited data, is of highly correlated parameters with relatively large marginal confidence intervals. The average infectious periods (estimated from 1/γ as 0.59, 0.91, and 0.67 days for the MVN moment closure, LN, and A noise approximations respectively) are shorter than the natural history of norovirus would indicate, which is likely to be due to control measures in place upon the ship (Vivancos et al, 2010) limiting the time period during which cases are able to infect others. Additionally, S(0) is estimated as much smaller than N , which could be due to pre-existing immunity, control measures in place on board the ship, and non-homogeneous mixing (through excursion choice and cabin location) (Vivancos et al, 2010).…”

Section: Cumulative Incidence From a Real Norovirus Outbreak With Thementioning

confidence: 94%

“…In this section, we consider real data from an outbreak of norovirus on a cruise ship visiting the British Isles as reported by Vivancos et al (2010). This report gives us data on the number of new reported norovirus cases per day during this outbreak in a small, closed population, N = 1714.…”

Section: Cumulative Incidence From a Real Norovirus Outbreak With Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Gaussian process approximations for fast inference from infectious disease data

Buckingham-Jeffery

Isham

House

2018

Mathematical Biosciences

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Highlights• We compare Gaussian process approximations to stochastic epidemic models.• We give a framework to quantify the accuracy of these approximations.• Gaussian process approximations are used for fast inference from outbreak data. We present a flexible framework for deriving and quantifying the accuracy of Gaussian process approximations to non-linear stochastic individual-based models of epidemics. We develop this for the SIR and SEIR models, and show how it can be used to perform quick maximum likelihood inference for the underlying parameters given population estimates of the number of infecteds or cases at given time points. We also show how the unobserved processes can be inferred at the same time as the underlying parameters.

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“…Antigenic drift Norovirus is notorious for causing outbreaks on cruise ships all over the world, affecting hundreds of passengers and leads to considerable economic costs for the industry [26][27][28][29][30] . The cruise ship industry has an important economic benefit to Australia, bringing in thousands of passengers each year from their hinterlands to port cities, resulting in an estimated tourist income of $1.74 billion 31 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Norovirus and cruise ships

et al. 2017

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Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is one of the most common diseases of humans in both developed and developing countries. Despite the improved safety of food handling and prevention strategies, it remains one of the most significant health burdens on society1. An estimated 1.8 million AGE-associated deaths occur annually worldwide2,3, making it the leading cause of mortality among children under the age of five years. In this article, we examine recent trends in emerging noroviruses, the ability of the virus to cause outbreaks on cruise ships and discuss the factors that influence its on-board spread.

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Norovirus outbreak in a cruise ship sailing around the British Isles: Investigation and multi-agency management of an international outbreak

Cited by 37 publications

References 13 publications

Norovirus outbreaks on commercial cruise ships: a systematic review and new targets for the public health agenda

Norovirus outbreaks on commercial cruise ships: a systematic review and new targets for the public health agenda

Gaussian process approximations for fast inference from infectious disease data

Norovirus and cruise ships

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