Norovirus and rotavirus infections in children less than five years of age hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Indonesia

Nirwati, Hera; Donato, Celeste; Mawarti, Yuli; Mulyani, Nenny Sri; Ikram, Aqsa; Aman, Abu Tholib; Peppelenbosch, Maikel P.; Soenarto, Yati; Hakim, Mohamad S.

doi:10.1007/s00705-019-04215-y

Cited by 18 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…30 Previous studies reported that NoV as a leading cause of sporadic cases and outbreaks of AGE across all age groups, 5,6 while among children, those with 13 to 24 months were prevalent. 17,34 In this study, NoV infection commonly occurred in children between 13 and 24 months of age, similar to the previous findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…1 Our finding was also compatible with the reports from children and patients with all age groups in other cities (Yogyakarta, Mataram, Jakarta) in Indonesia (18.47%-31.6%). 17,19,20 In some countries that have introduced universal rotavirus vaccination, NoV has become the leading cause of medically attended AGE in children. 30 Previous studies reported that NoV as a leading cause of sporadic cases and outbreaks of AGE across all age groups, 5,6 while among children, those with 13 to 24 months were prevalent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GII.6 strains were identified in children less than 5 years of age hospitalized with AGE in other cities in Indonesia. 17 In other countries, this genotype was reported to emerge such as in Japan in 2008 to 2009 38 and currently, it was identified among children with acute [44][45][46] The emergence and increase of the non-GII.4…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predominance of norovirus GI.4 from children with acute gastroenteritis in Jambi, Indonesia, 2019

Wulandari

Juniastuti

Wahyuni

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Virology

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Norovirus (NoV) is one of the most important viral causes of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children worldwide. Only a few studies have reported AGE with NoV‐positive in some cities in Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and clinical characteristic of NoV infection, and also genotype distribution of NoV in children with AGE in Jambi, as the capital and the largest city of Jambi province, Indonesia. Stool samples were collected from children (≤15 years of age) with AGE at three participating hospitals in Jambi from February to April 2019. The detection of NoV and its genotyping were carried out by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. Of the 91 stool samples collected, 14 (15.4%) were positive for NoV. Fever, vomiting, and severe diarrhea were commonly observed in AGE with NoV, while level of dehydration was statistically significant difference between children with NoV‐positive and those with NoV‐negative. The most prevalent genotype was GI.4 (42.9%), followed by GII.6 (28.6%) and some other genotypes. Interestingly, this study found the predominance of GI.4, differed from previous reports in Indonesia. Continuously investigation of the circulating genotype is needed to control the NoV‐infected AGE.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predominance of norovirus GI.4 from children with acute gastroenteritis in Jambi, Indonesia, 2019

Wulandari

Juniastuti

Wahyuni

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Acute gastroenteritis (AGE), defined as sudden-onset diarrhea that is unrelated to chronic disease, with or without nausea, vomiting, fever or abdominal pain, is disproportionately common among young children 1 , 2 . Rotavirus (RV) is the most common cause of AGE and the leading cause of AGE-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years of age 2 – 6 . In 2016, more than 258 million episodes of diarrhea and approximately 1.5 million hospitalizations and 128,500 deaths in children younger than 5 years were attributable to RV infection globally 2 , 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective action of Bacillus clausii probiotic strains in an in vitro model of Rotavirus infection

Paparo

Tripodi

Bruno

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in young children. Bacillus clausii (B. clausii) is a spore-forming probiotic that is able to colonize the gut. A mixture of four B. clausii strains (O/C, T, SIN and N/R) is commonly used for the treatment of AGE, and it has been demonstrated that it can reduce the duration and severity of diarrhea in children with AGE. Few studies have sought to characterize the mechanisms responsible for such beneficial effects. Intestinal effects of probiotics are likely to be strain-specific. We conducted a series of in vitro experiments investigating the activities of this mixture of B. clausii strains on biomarkers of mucosal barrier integrity and immune function in a cellular model of Rotavirus infection. B. clausii protected enterocytes against Rotavirus-induced decrease in trans-epithelial electrical resistance, and up-regulated expression of mucin 5AC and tight junction proteins (occludin and zonula occludens-1), all of which are important for effective mucosal barrier function. B. clausii also inhibited reactive oxygen species production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-8 and interferon-β) in Rotavirus-infected cells, and down-regulated pro-inflammatory Toll-like receptor 3 pathway gene expression. Such mechanisms likely contributed to the observed protective effects of B. clausii against reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in Rotavirus-infected enterocytes. Acute gastroenteritis (AGE), defined as sudden-onset diarrhea that is unrelated to chronic disease, with or without nausea, vomiting, fever or abdominal pain, is disproportionately common among young children 1,2. Rotavirus (RV) is the most common cause of AGE and the leading cause of AGE-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years of age 2-6. In 2016, more than 258 million episodes of diarrhea and approximately 1.5 million hospitalizations and 128,500 deaths in children younger than 5 years were attributable to RV infection globally 2,7. The highest rates of RV-associated mortality have been reported in sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and South Asia 7. The high cost of RV vaccination precludes its widespread use in such low-income settings 8. However, even in developed countries, AGE remains a considerable burden, despite the implementation of RV vaccination programs 7. For example, routine RV vaccination was introduced in 2006 in the US, but there were 70,553 AGE-associated hospital admissions, about 20,000 due to RV infection, among US children younger than 5 years in 2013, which were associated with direct costs of more than US $226 million 9. Probiotics are living microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host after colonizing the gut, and can help to prevent and treat AGE by supporting a healthy gut and immune system 10,11. Short-and long-term beneficial effects of probiotics on the gut are the result of a range of mechanisms, including competitive exclusion and direct antagonism of gut pathogens...

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“…Several G/P combinations have been reported, but the most common ones are the six genotypes G1P [8], G2P [4], G3P [8], G4P [8], G9P [8], and G12P [8] which cause up to 75% of human RVA infections worldwide. 3 In Europe RV gastroenteritis (RVGE) was estimated to account for 28% to 52% of AGE cases, and RVA was responsible for up to two-thirds of admissions to hospital and emergency room visits and one-third of primary care consultations for AGE among children. An observational study conducted during the 2004 to 2005 season in seven European countries showed that in Italy the estimated annual incidence rate for AGE was 10.78/100 children, whereas the annual incidence rate for RVGE was 4.70/100 children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospital‐acquired rotavirus acute gastroenteritis in 10 consecutive seasons in Umbria (Italy)

Camilloni

Alunno

Nunzi

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Virology

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Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in young (aged <5 years) children. Several studies showed that RVA is one of the main cause of nosocomial gastroenteritis in hospitalized pediatric population worldwide, with an incidence ranging from 8 to 33 cases per 100 hospitalized children. Nosocomial infections, in which AGE symptoms develop at least 2 days after admission, may severely affect children already admitted to hospital for other causes. This study aimed to define the trends of the RVA genotypes through statistical analysis of the data obtained by the rotavirus surveillance in Umbria in 10 consecutive seasons, from 2007‐2008 to 2016‐2017, with update information on hospital‐acquired RVA AGE. During RVA gastroenteritis surveillance in Umbria (Italy) in 2007 to 2017, a total of 741 RVA positive faecal samples were collected from children hospitalized with AGE, and RVA strains were genotyped following standard EuroRotaNet protocols. Of the 741 analyzed samples, 75 (10%) were reported to be hospital‐acquired. Comparing the distributions of the RVA genotypes circulating in the community or associated with nosocomial infections, we observed a different distribution of genotypes circulating inside the hospital wards, with respect to those observed in the community except in 2010 to 2011, 2011 to 2012, and 2012 to 2013 when G1P[8], G4P[8] and the novel strain G12P[8] caused a large community‐ and hospital‐acquired outbreak. Of the 741 analyzed samples, 75 (10%) were reported to be hospital‐acquired. Comparing the distributions of the RVA genotypes circulating in the community or associated with nosocomial infections, we observed a different distribution of genotypes circulating inside the hospital wards, with respect to those observed in the community except in 2010 to 2011, 2011 to 2012, and 2012 to 2013 when G1P[8], G4P[8], and the novel strain G12P[8] caused a large community‐ and hospital‐acquired outbreak. The information from this study will be useful to implement guidelines for preventing nosocomial RVA AGE, which should include an improved management of the hospitalized patients and an increase in vaccination coverage.

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Norovirus and rotavirus infections in children less than five years of age hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Indonesia

Cited by 18 publications

References 65 publications

Predominance of norovirus GI.4 from children with acute gastroenteritis in Jambi, Indonesia, 2019

Predominance of norovirus GI.4 from children with acute gastroenteritis in Jambi, Indonesia, 2019

Protective action of Bacillus clausii probiotic strains in an in vitro model of Rotavirus infection

Hospital‐acquired rotavirus acute gastroenteritis in 10 consecutive seasons in Umbria (Italy)

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