Normative data, preliminary inter-rater reliability and predictive validity of the Drive Home Maze Test

Krishnasamy, Charmaine; Unsworth, Carolyn A.

doi:10.1177/0269215510382846

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, our finding of age-group differences in MPT (i.e., subtracting the MET from the TST) replicates previous studies that showed age effects on maze solving ability (Koss et al, 1991;Krishnasamy and Unsworth, 2011;de Souza et al, 2013), even when controlling for motor processing speed. The age effect on maze solving ability has been suggested to reflect age-related difficulties in executive and visuoconstructive functioning (Krishnasamy and Unsworth, 2011;de Souza et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Development and Evaluation of Maze-Like Puzzle Games to Assess Cognitive and Motor Function in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Nef

Chesham

Schütz

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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There is currently a need for engaging, user-friendly, and repeatable tasks for assessment of cognitive and motor function in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. This study evaluated the feasibility of a maze-like Numberlink puzzle game in assessing differences in game-based measures of cognition and motor function due to age and neurodegenerative diseases. Fifty-five participants, including young (18-31 years, n = 18), older (64-79 years, n = 14), and oldest adults (86-98 years, n = 14), and patients with Parkinson's (59-76 years, n = 4) and Huntington's disease (HD; 35-66 years, n = 5) played different difficulty levels of the Numberlink puzzle game and completed usability questionnaires and tests for psychomotor, attentional, visuospatial, and constructional and executive function. Analyses of Numberlink game-based cognitive (solving time and errors) and motor [mean velocity and movement direction changes (MDC)] performance metrics revealed statistically significant differences between age groups and between patients with HD and older adults. However, patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) did not differ from older adults. Correlational analyses showed significant associations between game-based performance and movement metrics and performance on neuropsychological tests for psychomotor, attentional, visuospatial, and constructional and executive function. Furthermore, varying characteristics of the Numberlink puzzle game succeeded in creating graded difficulty levels. Findings from this study support recent suggestions that data from a maze-like puzzle game provide potential "digital biomarkers" to assess changes in psychomotor, visuoconstructional, and executive function related to aging and neurodegeneration. In particular, game-based movement measures from the maze-like puzzle Numberlink games are promising as a tool to monitor the progression of motor impairment in neurodegenerative diseases. Further studies are needed to more comprehensively establish the cognitive validity and test-retest reliability of using Numberlink puzzles as a valid cognitive assessment tool.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Development and Evaluation of Maze-Like Puzzle Games to Assess Cognitive and Motor Function in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Nef

Chesham

Schütz

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…There are tools that have recently become available (beyond March 2010) that hold promise. For example, the Road Law and Road Craft Test (RLRCT) (La Trobe University, 1990;Unsworth, Pallant, Russell, Germano & Odell, 2010), a 14-item test of road law and road craft knowledge, and the Drive Home Maze Test (DHMT) (Krishnasamy & Unsworth, 2011), a pen and paper maze test, were both studied in persons with varying medical conditions (Unsworth et al, 2010); Krishnasamy & Unsworth). These tools are part of the Occupational Therapy Driver Off-Road Assessment Battery (OT-DORA Battery) (Unsworth, in press), which was designed to assess the patient's physical, cognitive and sensory skills prior to going on road.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing executive function in relation to fitness to drive: A review of tools and their ability to predict safe driving

Asimakopulos

Boychuck

Sondergaard

et al. 2011

Aus Occup Therapy J

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Among the 53 tools, there were 27 general assessments of cognition, 19 driving-specific and seven activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living assessments. No single tool measured all executive function components: working memory was the most common (n = 20/53). Several tools demonstrated strong predictive validity and clinical utility. For example, tools, such as the Trail Making Test and the Maze Task, have the shortest administration time (i.e. often less than 10 minutes) and the most easily accessible method of administration (i.e. pen and paper or verbal). Driving-specific tools range from short questionnaires, such as the 10-minute Manchester Driving Behaviour Questionnaire, to more complex tools requiring about 45 minutes to administer. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: The appropriateness of a tool depends on the individual being assessed and on practical constraints of the clinical context. The Driving Executive Function Tool Guide provides useful information that should facilitate decision-making and selection of appropriate executive function tools in relation to driving.

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“…Trails A and B, the MMSE, the RL&RCT, Porteous Mazes and Bells Test (where clinically indicated) were all nominated for inclusion. Following the focus group, the research team faced significant difficulty in obtaining a complete Porteous Maze Test and subsequently developed (Unsworth, 2008a) and tested our own maze (Krishnasamy & Unsworth, 2011) (Unsworth, 2008b) and found that the Right Heel Pivot was most predictive of performance . Furthermore, the idea of a simulated accelerator and braking test was developed and named the 'Simulated Accelerator-Brake Test' (Haughton & Unsworth, 2008), and this was included in the OT-DORA Battery for further testing.…”

Section: Selection Of Assessments To Include In the Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a standardised Occupational Therapy – Driver Off‐Road Assessment Battery to assess older and/or functionally impaired drivers

Unsworth

Baker

Taitz

et al. 2011

Aus Occup Therapy J

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Normative data, preliminary inter-rater reliability and predictive validity of the Drive Home Maze Test

Abstract: The Drive Home Maze Test provides useful information concerning a person's cognitive skills prior to undertaking an on-road assessment. Time taken to complete this test is indicative of the outcome of an on-road driver assessment.

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Development and Evaluation of Maze-Like Puzzle Games to Assess Cognitive and Motor Function in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Development and Evaluation of Maze-Like Puzzle Games to Assess Cognitive and Motor Function in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Assessing executive function in relation to fitness to drive: A review of tools and their ability to predict safe driving

Development of a standardised Occupational Therapy – Driver Off‐Road Assessment Battery to assess older and/or functionally impaired drivers

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