“…Their limitations can be summarized as follows: (a) some cannot accurately describe the effects of different loading waveforms, for example, LDS, FMMC and FMDF; (b) most of them ignore the effects of mean strain or mean stress on the fatigue life, such as LDS, FS, DRA, SRR [3,15], DE [14] and the models presented in [7,18]; (c) many of the existing models are not applicable under stress controlled conditions, for example, SRP and SEP, DE [14] and SRR [3,15]. The methods reported in [15][16][17] are limited to evaluation of HTLCF life under strain controlled conditions.…”