Normal Variations and Pathologic Disorders of Chondrification and Ossification of the Foot and Related Diseases

Steinborn, M.; Gläser, Christian

doi:10.1055/s-0039-1695721

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Despite the presence of clinical symptoms, radiological findings may be interpreted as normal [ 72 ] and there are many discrepancies in the interpretation of radiological images [ 48 , 73 ]. This may be due to developmental anatomical differences [ 27 , 74 ]. X-ray images should be taken for both feet, even when there are no lesions in both heels, so that individual characteristics can be compared [ 75 ].…”

Section: Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Pressure on the Apophysis in the Course of Paediatric Heel Pain—Preliminary Report

Bitenc-Jasiejko

Walińska²,

Konior

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Increased pressure on the heel apophysis is often implicated as a cause of paediatric heel pain. However, there are few reports on the causes of the increased pressure and its origin. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the distribution of pressure on the feet in children with heel pain. The study included 33 paediatric patients with non-traumatic heel pain, i.e., 24 boys (73%) and 9 girls (27%), aged on average 11.2 years (±3 years). Pedobarographic diagnostics proved a decrease in the pressure on the heels in relation to the ground and the transfer of the projection of the centre of gravity to the forefoot. While standing, the average contribution of the pressure on the heel was 0.52, SD = 0.14 in children with normal and reduced weight. In overweight children, the average pressure on the heel was higher (0.60, SD = 0.08), but the small number of children with this characteristic (n = 4) did not allow conclusions to be drawn in this area. Heel underload was also demonstrated during gait. However, the assessment of this aspect requires additional observational analyses in the field of propulsion and gait phases. The reduced pressure on the heel promotes apophysis traction, causing intracanal compression. Studies have shown that the causes of apophysis traction may be postural defects (in particular, forward inclination of body posture) and overpronation of the foot, or defects in the metatarsal area.

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Section: Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Pressure on the Apophysis in the Course of Paediatric Heel Pain—Preliminary Report

Bitenc-Jasiejko

Walińska²,

Konior

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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“…The cuboid is laterally displaced (►Fig. 13). All these anatomical changes are associated with contraction of muscle, tendons, and ligaments, resulting in rigidity and resistance to manipulation on clinical examination.…”

Section: Skewfootmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Female ossification centers appear earlier than male ossification centers. 13,14 Fig. 4 Anatomical illustration of a pes cavus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ankle and Foot Deformities in Children

Clemente

Gómez

March³

et al. 2023

Semin Musculoskelet Radiol

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Ankle and foot deformity is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in children and a leading cause of functional impairment and diminished quality of life when not treated. A spectrum of conditions may produce foot and ankle deformities, with congenital disorders the most frequent cause, followed by acquired conditions. Congenital disorders include congenital talipes equinovarus or congenital clubfoot, metatarsus adductus, skewfoot, congenital vertical talus, and tarsal coalition.Some of these deformities are frequent and easily diagnosed based on clinical features, but clinical overlap between pathologies can be challenging. Thus imaging plays a paramount role in evaluating these patients. Radiographs are the first imaging modality of choice, but they may not be sufficient in infants due to the lack of ossification of the tarsal bones. Ultrasonography allows not only a detailed visualization of the cartilaginous structures but also permits a dynamic study of the foot and ankle. Computed tomography may be necessary in certain conditions such as tarsal coalitions.

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