Normal values of M mode echocardiographic measurements of more than 2000 healthy infants and children in central Europe

Abstract

Objective-To obtain normal M mode (one dimensional) echocardiographic values in a substantial sample of normal infants and children. Design-Data were obtained over three years from a single centre in central Europe. Patients-2036 healthy infants and children aged one day to 18 years. Methods-In line with recommendations for standardising measurements from M mode echocardiograms, and using digital echocardiographic equipment, measurements were obtained of the following: right ventricular anterior wall thickness at end diastole, right ventricular end diastolic dimension, thickness of interventricular septum at end diastole and end systole, thickness of posterior wall of the left ventricle at end diastole and end systole, left ventricular dimension at end diastole and end systole, pulmonary and aortic valve diameter, and left atrial dimension. Results-Measurements are presented graphically on centile charts with respect to body surface area, and as tables with mean and 2 SD values for newborns in relation to body weight, and for infants and children in relation to body surface area. Best fitting regression equations are given for each measured variable, using the 50th centile values. Conclusion-In comparison with previously published normal values, the presented charts and tables make it possible to judge echocardiographic measurements of a particular patient as normal or abnormal. (Heart 2000;83:667-672)

Normal M mode values in healthy Turkish children

“…M mode echocardiography allows the noninvasive assessment of the dimensions and anatomy of the heart and its functional characteristics (1). With the beginning of the 21st century, there has been an increase in the number of echocardiography laboratories and dramatic improvements in echocardiographic equipment around the world; as a result, it is now possible to obtain reliable measurements for pediatric cardiologists (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

“…The wide range of changes dur ing normal development of the cardiac structures requires a large study group for accurate data on normal values, even when centile charts are used (1,3). However, nearly all published normal values either date from the start of routine echocardiography in the United States (mid-1970s to mid-1980s) or consist of small samples of healthy children; thus, reevaluation was necessary to extend the normal limits (1).…”

“…However, nearly all published normal values either date from the start of routine echocardiography in the United States (mid-1970s to mid-1980s) or consist of small samples of healthy children; thus, reevaluation was necessary to extend the normal limits (1). In addition, a study conducted by DerSimonian and Levine (9) showed that data obtained from multiple small population studies and combined by metaanalysis have a drawback in that they are overly affected by the heterogeneity of the populations examined.…”

Left Ventricular Mass in Normal Children and its Correlation with Weight, Height and Body Surface Area

“…In parallel with, an increase in left ventricular mass (LVM) occurs during childhood. Left ventricular mass is an important clinical measure because of its association with left ventricular hypertrophy and its significance as a strong independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality The diagnosis of an enlarged or hypertrophied heart has an important effect on the treatment of children with congenital or acquired heart disease (Malcom et al, 1993;Garner et al, 2000;Kampmann et al, 2000;Daniels et al, 1995). Echocardiography is the most commonly used non-invasive method in pediatric cardiology to understand the anatomy and function of heart for identification of congenital heart disease or exclude cardiac involvement in infectious, neuromuscular, or metabolic disorders.…”

Gender characteristics of the clinical manifestations of cardiovascular system involvement in X-linked Alport syndrome

“…Нормативные по-казатели размеров аорты и левого желудочка вычис- лялись согласно данным C. Kampmann и соавт. [13], A. Warren и соавт. [14], M. Gautier и соавт.…”