Normal M mode values in healthy Turkish children

Oran, Bülent; Bodur, Abdurrahman Said; Arslan, Derya; Çimen, Derya; Güvenç, Osman

doi:10.3906/sag-1208-13

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Moreover, the reported range of the atrial maximal and minimal volume index values [51] matches with the simulated left and right atrial maximal and minimal volume indexes in the healthy child cardiovascular system for 1 m 2 body surface area. Typically, the left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters are around 4.1 cm and 2.6 cm, the right ventricular basal diameter at the end of the diastole is around 2 cm and the left atrial maximal diameter 2.9 cm and changing again within a physiologic variation range for the studied age interval [69–71]. The simulated dimensions in the cardiac chambers remain within the physiologic range and match with the reported values in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical modeling of cardiac function to evaluate clinical cases in adults and children

Bozkurt

2019

PLoS ONE

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Time-varying elastance models can simulate only the pressure and volume signals in the heart chambers while the diagnosis of clinical cases and evaluation of different treatment techniques require more information. In this study, an extended model utilizing the geometric dimensions of the heart chambers was developed to describe the cardiac function. The new cardiac model was evaluated by simulating a healthy and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) condition for adults and children. The left ventricular ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume, end-diastolic diameter and diastolic sphericity index were 53.60%, 125 mL, 5.08 cm and 1.82 in the healthy adult cardiovascular system model and 23.70%, 173 mL, 6.60 cm and 1.40 in the DCM adult cardiovascular system model. In the healthy child cardiovascular system model, the left ventricular ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume, end-diastolic diameter and diastolic sphericity index were 59.70%, 92 mL, 4.10 cm and 2.26 respectively and 30.70%, 125 mL, 4.94 cm and 1.87 in the DCM child cardiovascular system model. The developed cardiovascular system model simulates the hemodynamic variables and clinical diagnostic indicators within the physiological range for healthy and DCM conditions proving the feasibility of this new model to evaluate clinical cases in adults and children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical modeling of cardiac function to evaluate clinical cases in adults and children

Bozkurt

2019

PLoS ONE

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“…To date, no consensus exists as to which growth parameter is most appropriate in standardizing cardiac measures for children [15] . Different parameters have been used in the published references, including height [16] , weight [3] , BSA [2] , [4] , lean body mass [17] , [18] and age [19] , [20] , [21] . Roge et al showed that height, weight and BSA were strongly correlated, resulting in similar regression equations using either of the parameters [22] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As cardiac chamber dimensions can change with somatic growth in childhood and adolescence, it is important to normalise echocardiographic measurements to body size. Several echocardiographic references have been published for children and adolescents from various regions including Europe, Asia and North America [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] . However, no echocardiography references have been established for children and adolescents in sub Saharan Africa, and echocardiographic studies from this region have utilised published references for normative data mostly derived from predominantly white populations [4] , [6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echocardiographic reference ranges in older children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa

Majonga

Rehman

McHugh

et al. 2017

International Journal of Cardiology

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BackgroundEchocardiographic reference ranges are important to identify abnormalities of cardiac dimensions. Reference ranges for children in sub-Saharan Africa have not been established. The aim of this study was to establish echocardiographic z-score references for Black children in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods282 healthy subjects aged 6–16 years (143 [51%] males) with no known history of cardiac disease were enrolled in the study in Harare, Zimbabwe between 2014 and 2016. Standard M-mode echocardiography was performed and nine cardiac chamber dimensions were obtained. Two non-linear statistical models (gamma weighted model and cubic polynomial model) were tested on the data and the best fitting model was used to calculate z-scores of these cardiac chamber measures. The reference ranges are presented on scatter plots against BSA.ResultsNormative data for the following cardiac measures were obtained and z-scores calculated: right ventricular diameter at end diastole (RVEDD); left ventricular diameter at end diastole (LVEDD) and systole (LVESD); interventricular septal wall thickness at end diastole (IVSd) and systole (IVSs); left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end diastole (LVPWd) and systole (LVPWs); left atrium diameter at end systole (LA) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE). Girls had higher values for BMI and heart rate than boys (p = 0.048 and p = 0.001, respectively). Mean interventricular septal and left ventricular posterior walls thickness was higher than published normal values in predominantly Caucasian populations.ConclusionThese are the first echocardiographic reference ranges for children from sub Saharan Africa and will allow accurate assessment of cardiac dimensions in clinical practice.

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“…One study used three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography in addition to M-mode and 2D, another utilised 3D only and a third study used a rarely practiced echocardiographic technique called acoustic quantification [ 18 , 21 , 22 ]. Anthropometric and non-anthropometric measures were used for normalising the results: body surface area (BSA) in 18 studies, height ( n = 4) [ 8 , 11 , 17 , 28 ], weight ( n = 3) [ 10 , 20 , 35 ], age ( n = 2) [ 14 , 15 ], and lean body mass ( n = 1) [ 7 ]. The remaining studies used age and heart rate, ( n = 1); [ 22 ] age and BSA, ( n = 2); [ 26 , 37 ] age and height, ( n = 1); [ 27 ] height and BSA, ( n = 1); [ 33 ] weight and BSA, ( n = 1) [ 36 ] and one study used height, BSA and lean body mass [ 25 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Variation in Echocardiographic Reference Ranges for Left Chamber Dimensions in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

et al. 2018

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Echocardiography plays a critical role in the assessment of cardiac disease. Important differences in echocardiographically derived cardiac chamber dimensions have been previously highlighted in different population groups in adult studies, but this has not been systematically studied in children, whose body size changes throughout childhood. The aim of this study was to review the distribution of available reference ranges for the left cardiac chamber dimensions in older children and adolescents. The following electronic data bases were searched: Medline, Embase and Web of Science were searched to identify studies which have established echocardiographic reference ranges of left heart parameters in children and adolescents from 1975 to December 2017. There was no geographical limitation. All results were imported into Endnote. Retrieved articles were screened and data extracted by two independent reviewers. A total of 4398 studies were retrieved, with 36 studies finally included in this review. 29 (81%) references were from North America and European (Caucasians) populations, with only one study each from Africa and South America. Two-dimensional and M-mode techniques were the most commonly used echocardiography techniques. There were methodological variations in techniques and normalisation of references. Comparison of selected cardiac measures showed significant differences for interventricular septal thickness among Black African, Indian, German and US American children. Available echocardiographic references cannot be generalised to all settings and therefore, there is need for locally relevant reference ranges. Africa and South America are particularly under-represented. Future studies should focus on developing comprehensive echocardiographic reference ranges for children from different racial backgrounds and should use standardised techniques.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00246-018-1873-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Normal M mode values in healthy Turkish children

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Mathematical modeling of cardiac function to evaluate clinical cases in adults and children

Mathematical modeling of cardiac function to evaluate clinical cases in adults and children

Echocardiographic reference ranges in older children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa

Racial Variation in Echocardiographic Reference Ranges for Left Chamber Dimensions in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

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