Normal Values for Heart Electrophysiology Parameters of Healthy Swine Determined on Electrophysiology Study

Abstract

size, diameters of coronary arteries, susceptibility to coronary atherosclerosis, coronary stent-related restenosis, infarct development and post-infarction remodeling in these two species, and owing Swine are a well-recognized animal model for human cardiovascular diseases [1][2][3][4]. Porcine models have been increasingly used in human cardiovascular research due to similarities in the heart Agnieszka Noszczyk-Nowak 1, A-D, F , Alicja Cepiel 1, B, C, F , Adrian Janiszewski 2, B, E, F , Robert Pasławski 3, B, F , Jacek Gajek 4, A, E, F , Urszula Pasławska 1 A -research concept and design; B -collection and/or assembly of data; C -data analysis and interpretation; D -writing the article; E -critical revision of the article; F -final approval of article AbstractBackground. Swine are a well-recognized animal model for human cardiovascular diseases. Despite the widespread use of porcine model in experimental electrophysiology, still no reference values for intracardiac electrical activity and conduction parameters determined during an invasive electrophysiology study (EPS) have been developed in this species thus far. Objectives. The aim of the study was to develop a set of normal values for intracardiac electrical activity and conduction parameters determined during an invasive EPS of swine. Material and Methods. The study included 36 healthy domestic swine (24-40 kg body weight). EPS was performed under a general anesthesia with midazolam, propofol and isoflurane. The reference values for intracardiac electrical activity and conduction parameters were calculated as arithmetic means ± 2 standard deviations. Results. The reference values were determined for AH, HV and PA intervals, interatrial conduction time at its own and imposed rhythm, sinus node recovery time (SNRT), corrected sinus node recovery time (CSNRT), anterograde and retrograde Wenckebach points, atrial, atrioventricular node and ventricular refractory periods. No significant correlations were found between body weight and heart rate of the examined pigs and their electrophysiological parameters. Conclusions. The hereby presented reference values can be helpful in comparing the results of various studies, as well as in more accurately estimating the values of electrophysiological parameters that can be expected in a given experiment (Adv Clin Exp Med 2016, 25, 6, 1249-1254).

Optocardiography and Electrophysiology Studies of Ex Vivo Langendorff-perfused Hearts

“…Alternatively, an S1−S2 atrial pacing protocol is applied to pinpoint AVNERP (S1−S2), as shown in Figure 3E. Representative examples of pig heart electrophysiology parameters align closely with those previously published 37 .…”

“…The same stimulation parameters are used for both S1 and S2 (1−2 mA, 1 ms pulse width). See Figure 3 for representative examples, or previously published values on porcine heart electrophysiology measurements 37 .…”

Effect of xylazine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine on cardiac conduction in pigs

“…The results of the complete blood count and blood biochemical analysis were within reference ranges (18). In all the animals, the resting EKG did not reveal any abnormalities.…”

Optocardiography and Electrophysiology Studies of Ex Vivo Langendorff-perfused Hearts

“…One advantage to using pig hearts is that they closely resemble the human heart in structure, size and rate of contraction, therefore more accurately modeling hemodynamic parameters like coronary blood flow and cardiac output. Likewise, humans and pigs have similar calcium handling, electrocardiogram intervals 37 , and action potential morphology including the underlying channels that it represents 12,50,51,52 . This protocol describes in detail the steps for creating a reproducible large animal model to comprehensively characterize myocardial function.…”