Effect of xylazine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine on cardiac conduction in pigs

Cepiel, Alicja; Noszczyk-Nowak, Agnieszka; Janiszewski, Adrian; Pasławski, Robert; Pasławska, Urszula

doi:10.21521/mw.6057

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…However, the role of different pacemaker sites within the atria must be explored further to understand the SNRT in horses. Finally, alpha‐2 agonists including xylazine are known to decrease HR in horses 45 and have further been shown to prolong SNRT in humans, 46 but not in pigs 47 . All SNRT and His recordings were performed during continuous rate infusion of xylazine in all horses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, alpha-2 agonists including xylazine are known to decrease HR in horses 45 and have further been shown to prolong SNRT in humans, 46 but not in pigs. 47 All SNRT and His recordings were performed during continuous rate infusion of xylazine in all horses. Whether sedation with xylazine influences the SNRT, AV conduction and His conduction in horses warrant further systematic investigation, but was beyond the scope of our study.…”

Section: His Signals and Sinus Node Recovery Timementioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrocardiographic characteristics of trained and untrained standardbred racehorses

Nissen

Weis

Krag‐Andersen

et al. 2022

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Long-term exercise induces cardiac remodeling that potentially influences the electrical properties of the heart. Hypothesis/objectives: We assessed whether training alters cardiac conduction in Standardbred racehorses. Animals: Two hundred one trained and 52 untrained Standardbred horses. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Resting ECG recordings were analyzed to assess heart rate (HR) along with standard ECG parameters and for identification of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. An electrophysiological study was performed in 13 horses assessing the effect of training on sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodal function by sinus node recovery time (SNRT) and His signal recordings. Age and sex adjustments were implemented in multiple and logistic regression models for comparison.Results: Resting HR in beats per minute (bpm) was lower in trained vs untrained horses (mean, 30.8 ± 2.6 bpm vs 32.9 ± 4.2 bpm; P = .001). Trained horses more often displayed second-degree atrioventricular block (2AVB; odds ratio, 2.59; P = .04). No difference in SNRT was found between groups (n = 13). Mean P-A, A-H, and H-V intervals were 71 ± 20, 209 ± 41, and 134 ± 41 ms, respectively (n = 7). We did not detect a training effect on AV-nodal conduction intervals. His signals were present in 1 horse during 2AVB with varying H-V interval preceding a blocked beat. Conclusions and Clinical Importance:We identified decreased HR and increased frequency of 2AVB in trained horses. In 5 of 7 horses, His signal recordings had variable H-V intervals within each individual horse, providing novel insight into AV conduction in horses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: His Signals and Sinus Node Recovery Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocardiographic characteristics of trained and untrained standardbred racehorses

Nissen

Weis

Krag‐Andersen

et al. 2022

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Effect of Atrial Electrical Stimulation on the Transmural Sequence of Ventricular Wall Depolarization in the Rat Heart under Zoletil-Xylasine Anesthesia

Nuzhny,

Kibler,

Tsvetkova

et al. 2023

J Evol Biochem Phys

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Evaluation of the anesthetic effects of xylazine-ketamine, xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam and tiletamine-zolazepam using clinical and laboratory parameters in rabbits

Karasu¹,

Altuğ²,

Aslan³

et al. 2018

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the anesthetic effects of xylazine-ketamine (XK), xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam (XTZ) and tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) using hematological and biochemical parameters in rabbits. A total of 18 rabbits were divided into three equal treatment groups (n = 6). The rabbits in the XK, XTZ, and TZ groups were administered xylazine (5 mg/kg) and ketamine (50 mg/kg), xylazine (5 mg/kg) and TZ (15 mg/kg), and TZ (15 mg/kg), respectively, via the intramuscular route. Following the injection, their reflexes were tested every 5 minutes. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature were determined before the injection (0 min) and at 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 min after injecting the anesthetic combinations. Furthermore, hematological and biochemical (alanine transaminase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen [BUN], and urea) analyses were also performed before, during, and after anesthesia administration. The duration of anesthesia and loss of reflexes were significantly longer in the XTZ group than in the other groups. However, in the TZ group, reflexes were remained. Respiratory rate and body temperature decreased in all the groups. Moreover, heart rate reduced only in the XK and XTZ groups, and the hematological parameters of all groups were comparable. Serum AST and ALP levels increased in the XTZ group compared to that in the XK and TZ groups, respectively. However, these increases were within the reference limits. The post-anesthesia serum BUN and urea levels significantly increased in the XTZ group (p < 0.05) compared to that in the other groups. Thus, although the XTZ combination provided satisfactory anesthetic effect in rabbits, it may be nephrotoxic. Therefore, its use for anesthesia induction in invasive renal procedures and experimental nephrotoxicity studies is not advisable..

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Effect of xylazine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine on cardiac conduction in pigs

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Electrocardiographic characteristics of trained and untrained standardbred racehorses

Electrocardiographic characteristics of trained and untrained standardbred racehorses

Effect of Atrial Electrical Stimulation on the Transmural Sequence of Ventricular Wall Depolarization in the Rat Heart under Zoletil-Xylasine Anesthesia

Evaluation of the anesthetic effects of xylazine-ketamine, xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam and tiletamine-zolazepam using clinical and laboratory parameters in rabbits

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