Evaluation of the anesthetic effects of xylazine-ketamine, xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam and tiletamine-zolazepam using clinical and laboratory parameters in rabbits

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anesthetic effects of xylazine-ketamine (XK), xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam (XTZ) and tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) using hematological and biochemical parameters in rabbits. A total of 18 rabbits were divided into three equal treatment groups (n = 6). The rabbits in the XK, XTZ, and TZ groups were administered xylazine (5 mg/kg) and ketamine (50 mg/kg), xylazine (5 mg/kg) and TZ (15 mg/kg), and TZ (15 mg/kg), respectively, via the intramuscular route. Following the injection, their reflexes were tested every 5 minutes. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature were determined before the injection (0 min) and at 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 min after injecting the anesthetic combinations. Furthermore, hematological and biochemical (alanine transaminase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen [BUN], and urea) analyses were also performed before, during, and after anesthesia administration. The duration of anesthesia and loss of reflexes were significantly longer in the XTZ group than in the other groups. However, in the TZ group, reflexes were remained. Respiratory rate and body temperature decreased in all the groups. Moreover, heart rate reduced only in the XK and XTZ groups, and the hematological parameters of all groups were comparable. Serum AST and ALP levels increased in the XTZ group compared to that in the XK and TZ groups, respectively. However, these increases were within the reference limits. The post-anesthesia serum BUN and urea levels significantly increased in the XTZ group (p < 0.05) compared to that in the other groups. Thus, although the XTZ combination provided satisfactory anesthetic effect in rabbits, it may be nephrotoxic. Therefore, its use for anesthesia induction in invasive renal procedures and experimental nephrotoxicity studies is not advisable..

Comparative Clinical and Serum Biochemical Evaluation of Two Intramuscular Anaesthetic Combinations (Diazepam/Ketamine and Diazepam/Fentanyl/Ketamine) in Rabbits

“…Several investigations have identified the loss of the righting reflex, palpebral reflex, and pedal withdrawal reflex as the onset of anaesthesia, while recovery has been described as the reappearance of all of these reflexes (Henke et al 2005;Karasu et al 2018). Because no surgical intervention was conducted in this investigation, the surgical anaesthetic duration was measured using the righting reflex, palpebral reflex, and pedal withdrawal reflex.…”

Effects of intra‑articular pulsed radiofrequency current administration on a rabbit model of rheumatoid arthritis

“…Four weeks after the introduction of RA, the rabbits received either intra-articular PRF administration, sham stimulation, or a corticosteroid injection. An intramuscular injection of 15 mg/kg Zoletil (tiletamine hydrochloride and zolazepam hydrochloride; Virbac) and 5 mg/kg Rompun (xylazine; Bayer AG) compound was administered to anesthetize the animals (16). PRF was administered by placing an electrode (Cosman RFG-1A generator and RF Thermocouple Electrode; 500 mm; CoMedical) into the articular cavity of the right knee using ultrasound guidance with a 5-13 MHZ multifrequency linear transducer (Antares; Siemens Healthcare), as displayed in Fig.…”

Penilaian Fungsi dan Dinamika Kerja Jantung melalui Ekokardiografi terhadap Pengaruh Kombinasi Anestesia Umum pada Babi Domestik (Sus domesticus)

“…Tabel 4 Data rata-rata ± simpangan baku hasil perhitungan kinerja jantung babi domestik (Sus domesticus) yang diberi perlakuan 3 kelompok kombinasi anestesia umum Dilihat dari cara kerja anestesia memang terlihat bahwa obat anestesia ketamine, acepromazine, tiletamine dan zolazepam, berpengaruh terhadap tekanan darah dan meningkatkan jumlah detak jantung (Plumb, 2018). Sementara medetomidine dan xylazine memiliki kesamaan kerja menurunkan laju detak jantung meskipun medetomidine lebih dominan cara kerjanya jika dibandingkan xylazine dalam memengaruhi kerja alpha-2 agonis (Karasu et al, 2018;Kitano et al, 2019).…”