Normal numbers of T<sub>6</sub>positive epidermal Langerhans cells across the leprosy spectrum

Narayanan, R. B.; Bhutani, L. K.; Sharma, Ajay; Nath, Indira

doi:10.5935/0305-7518.19840034

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 1 publication

(1 reference statement)

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“…No difference in the numbers of OKT6+ epidermal Lc was seen in the var ious types of reactions. These findings support our earlier results in the skin lesions of leprosy [6] and other skin reactions [12]. Furthermore, the observa tions in the present study indicate that the immunol ogical characteristics and the distribution of cells in the skin reactions elicited by armadillo-derived le prosin coupled to liposomes appears to be similar to those observed in skin reaction induced by standard Dharmendra lepromin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…It is interesting that if this antigen is coupled to liposomes, it produces a late reaction at 3-4 weeks which clinically and histologically corre sponds to late reaction produced by standard Dhar mendra lepromin. Monoclonal antibodies have been used to characterize the infiltrating cells in the granu lomas of leprosy [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] and in the delayed type hyper sensitivity reactions [11][12][13]. Our recent studies have indicated that the immunogical characteristics and distribution of cells in the late lepromin reaction was similar to that noticed in the tuberculoid leprosy le sions [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Immunohistologic Comparison between Armadillo-Derived Leprosin and Standard Lepromin Skin Tests in Leprosy Patients

Narayanan

Ramu

Sinha

et al. 1987

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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A comparison was made on the in situ immunological characteristics of dermal infiltrates of early (24-hour) and late (3–4 weeks) skin reactions in leprosy patients. The skin reactions were induced by armadillo-derived leprosin coupled to liposomes and standard Dharmendra lepromin. Most lymphocytes in the early reaction induced by both antigens were positive for Leu 4, Leu 3a, OKT8 and la like antigens indicating thereby the presence of activated T cells. The ratio of Leu 3a/OKT8+ cells were similar. In the late reaction elicited by both antigens, the lymphocytes in the granulomas were predominantly activated T lymphocytes expressing Leu 4, Leu 3a, OKT8 and la like antigens. Leu 3a+ cells were scattered diffusely amidst the epithelioid cells. In contrast, the OKT8+ cells were present mainly as ‘a ring’ in the periphery of the granuloma. A similar ratio of Leu 3a+/OKT8+ cells was observed in these granulomas. Macrophages in the granulomas expressed la like antigens. These observations indicate that the immunological characteristics of dermal infiltrates in the skin reaction induced by armadillo-derived leprosin coupled to liposomes and standard Dharmendra lepromin appear to be identical.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Immunohistologic Comparison between Armadillo-Derived Leprosin and Standard Lepromin Skin Tests in Leprosy Patients

Narayanan

Ramu

Sinha

et al. 1987

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…In contrast, tuberculoid leprosy lesions exhibit large numbers of lymphocytes, granuloma formation, and the absence of appreciable numbers of intracellular bacteria (1,2). Monoclonal antibodies to human leukocytes and their subsets have been used to determine the phenotype of the cells in dermal infiltrates (3)(4)(5)(6). These studies showed that in lepromatous lesions there is not only a marked reduction in the numbers of T cells (compared to tuberculoid lesions) but also a selective absence of T lymphocytes of the OKT4+ subset.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of delayed immune reactions on human epidermal keratinocytes.

Kaplan¹,

Witmer²,

Nath³

et al. 1986

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The epidermal changes that occur in human cutaneous immune responses have been investigated in the tuberculin reaction and in the lesions of tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy and cutaneous leishmaniasis. In each situation, there was a dermal accumulation of monocytes and T cells, and the epidermis exhibited thickening. In the tuberculin response, the thickness of the epidermis sometimes doubled in 48-72 hr, and this was attributed to increases in both size and number of keratinocytes. In addition, the phenotype of the keratinocytes changed from la-to Ia'.Similar changes in keratinocyte Ia-antigen expression occurred in the epidermis overlying untreated tuberculoid leprosy and cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions, but not in lepromatous leprosy. We suggest that one or more epidermal growth factors may be generated in the course of a delayed immune reaction in the dermis.The cutaneous lesions of lepromatous leprosy are characterized by a sparse lymphocytic infiltrate and foamy macrophages laden with Mycobacteria leprae. In contrast, tuberculoid leprosy lesions exhibit large numbers of lymphocytes, granuloma formation, and the absence of appreciable numbers of intracellular bacteria (1, 2). Monoclonal antibodies to human leukocytes and their subsets have been used to determine the phenotype of the cells in dermal infiltrates (3-6). These studies showed that in lepromatous lesions there is not only a marked reduction in the numbers of T cells (compared to tuberculoid lesions) but also a selective absence of T lymphocytes of the OKT4+ subset.We wanted to establish whether this represented a specific unresponsiveness to M. leprae antigens or a more general defect in the emigration and accumulation of OKT4+ T cells. For this purpose we generated tuberculin reactions in the dermis of lepromatous patients by use of the purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD). During the course of these studies, we observed striking changes in the thickness and Ia-antigen expression of the epidermis overlying the PPDinduced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) lesions. Similar changes also occur in the epidermis overlying the lesions of patients with tuberculoid leprosy and cutaneous leishmaniasis. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe Generation of DTH Response to PPD. After informed consent was obtained, we evaluated the DTH response to 5 units of PPD in 90 Indian leprosy patients from New Delhi (a highly endemic area for tuberculosis). The study group included 25 lepromatous (LL) (see diagnosis below), 10 borderline lepromatous (BL), and 55 tuberculoid (BT and TT) patients and 50 non-leprosy control individuals. Sex and age distribution were as follows: BL and LL patients, 3 female and 32 male, ages 16-68 (median 30) years; BT and TT patients, 12 female and 43 male, ages 11-68 (median 30) years; non-leprosy controls, 15 female and 35 male, ages 15-65 (median 28) years. The leprosy patients were examined in collaboration with A. K. Sharma and R. S. Mishra (Department of Dermatology, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi). Antigen was injected i...

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“…However, LC can also be defined by T6 marker which is carried by all these cells. This marker does not show any cross-reaction with morphologically similar den dritic marcrophages [2], More important, this marker delineates the morphology of cells better than con ventional histochemical methods (ATPase) and is far superior for the estimation of LC [2], We have found, as others have, that OK la antibody defined relatively fewer LC in comparison to OKT6 antibody and that the LC count could be expressed equally accurately either as per high-power field or per 100 keratinocytes [4,8],…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…CD 1-positive LC have been studied in lep rosy granulomas, and skin reactions to lepromin and tuberculin [8,10,14,16],…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD1-Positive Epidermal Langerhans Cells in Skin Reactions to Autologous Peripheral-Blood-Derived Mononuclear Cells in Leprosy Patients

Narayanan

Natarajan²,

Katoch³

et al. 1989

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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A comparison was made on the characteristics of the infiltrates, the number and distribution of CD 1-positive epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) at the sites of skin reaction induced by autologous peripheral-blood-derived mononuclear cells (PBMC) in leprosy patients. Clinically and histologically, the skin reaction was well expressed in tuberculoid patients as compared to lepromatous patients, erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) patients and contacts. The quantum of lymphocytes in the infiltrates was maximal in the tuberculoid patients and it was minimal in lepromatous and ENL patients. The number and distribution of LC in the tuberculoid patients was significantly higher in the PBMC-inoculated sites as compared to control sites over 24 h. In contrast, no difference in the number and distribution of LC was noticed in the lepromatous and ENL patients. These observations indicate that the lymphocytes of tuberculoid patients in contrast to lepromatous leprosy patients are capable of sustenance in the local micro-environments of the skin and an effective interaction may be possible between LC and PBMC.

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Normal numbers of T₆positive epidermal Langerhans cells across the leprosy spectrum

Cited by 10 publications

References 1 publication

Immunohistologic Comparison between Armadillo-Derived Leprosin and Standard Lepromin Skin Tests in Leprosy Patients

Immunohistologic Comparison between Armadillo-Derived Leprosin and Standard Lepromin Skin Tests in Leprosy Patients

Influence of delayed immune reactions on human epidermal keratinocytes.

CD1-Positive Epidermal Langerhans Cells in Skin Reactions to Autologous Peripheral-Blood-Derived Mononuclear Cells in Leprosy Patients

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Normal numbers of T6positive epidermal Langerhans cells across the leprosy spectrum

Cited by 10 publications

References 1 publication

Immunohistologic Comparison between Armadillo-Derived Leprosin and Standard Lepromin Skin Tests in Leprosy Patients

Immunohistologic Comparison between Armadillo-Derived Leprosin and Standard Lepromin Skin Tests in Leprosy Patients

Influence of delayed immune reactions on human epidermal keratinocytes.

CD1-Positive Epidermal Langerhans Cells in Skin Reactions to Autologous Peripheral-Blood-Derived Mononuclear Cells in Leprosy Patients

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Normal numbers of T₆positive epidermal Langerhans cells across the leprosy spectrum