Normal Heat Sources and Sinks in the Lower Troposphere in Winter

Clapp, Philip F.

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1961)089<0147:nhsasi>2.0.co;2

Cited by 40 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The accumulation (convergence) and depletion (divergence) of sensible heat, Q H , and moisture, E, in a near-surface atmospheric column that modifies the ABL profiles of potential temperature and absolute humidity, creating an internal boundary layer, are given by (Clapp 1961;Curry 1983;Oke 1987;Lee and Kimura 2001;Arya 2001;Andreas et al 2002;Hong et al 2009):…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

General Characteristics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over a Flaw Lead Polynya Region in Winter and Spring

Raddatz

Asplin

Candlish

et al. 2010

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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A time series of microwave radiometric profiles over Arctic Canada's Cape Bathurst (70 • N, 124.5 • W) flaw lead polynya region from 1 January to 30 June, 2008 was examined to determine the general characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer in winter and spring. A surface based or elevated inversion was present on 97% of winter (JanuaryMarch) days, and on 77% of spring (April-June) days. The inversion was the deepest in the first week of March (≈1100 m), and the shallowest in June (≈250 m). The mean temperature and absolute humidity from the surface to the top of the inversion averaged 250.1 K (−23.1 • C), and 0.56 × 10 −3 kg m −3 in winter, and in spring averaged 267.5 K (−5.6 • C), and 2.77 × 10 −3 kg m −3 . The median winter atmospheric boundary-layer (ABL) potential temperature profile provided evidence of a shallow, weakly stable internal boundary layer (surface to 350 m) topped by an inversion (350-1,000 m). The median spring profile showed a shallow, near-neutral internal boundary layer (surface to 350 m) under an elevated inversion (600-800 m). The median ABL absolute humidity profiles were weakly positive in winter and negative in spring. Estimates of the convergence of sensible heat and water vapour from the surface that could have produced the turbulent internal boundary layers of the median profiles were 0.67 MJ m −2 and 13.1 × 10 −3 kg m −2 for the winter season, and 0.66 MJ m −2 and 33.4 × 10 −3 kg m −2 for the spring season. With fetches of 10-100 km, these accumulations may have resulted from a surface sensible heat flux of 15-185 W m −2 , plus a surface moisture flux of 0.001-0.013 mm h −1 (or a latent heat flux of 0.7-8.8 W m −2 ) in winter, and 0.003-0.033 mm h −1 (or a latent heat flux of 2-22 W m −2 ) in spring.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

General Characteristics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over a Flaw Lead Polynya Region in Winter and Spring

Raddatz

Asplin

Candlish

et al. 2010

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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“…Up to now, estimation of the radiation of the troposphere over the northern hemisphere has been done only by Berliand (1956) and Clapp (1961). Berliand calculated the outgoing long wave radiation at the upper boundary of the atmosphere using a relatively simple formula in which only the temperature of the earth's surface or cloud top, tropopause temperature, and total amount of water vapor in an atmospheric column are included as parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Radiation Budget of the Troposphere over the Northern Hemisphere (II)

Katayama¹

1967

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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In Part II, the normal distributions of various quantities related to the radiation budgets of a tropospheric column, the earth's surface, and the troposphere-earth system are presented over the northern hemisphere for January and July.In general, the distribution of radiation quantities has mainly zonal characteristics and intense north-south gradients in January, but has mainly cellular characteristics in July closely corresponding to the distribution of sea-land or the cloud cover. The annual mean value of planetary albedo for the troposphere-earth system averaged over the northern hemisphere is 0.374, which is slightly larger than the 0.34 of Houghton but smaller than the 0.40 adopted by Budyko.Both spatial and seasonal variations of the radiation budget of the troposphere, which contribute directly to the diabatic heating field in the troposphere, are relatively small compared with those of the radiation budgets of the atmosphere-earth system and of the earth's surface.

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“…The accumulation (convergence) or depletion (divergence) of sensible heat ( Q H ), and/or moisture ( E) in a near-surface atmospheric column that modifies the ABL profiles of potential temperature and/or absolute humidity to create an IBL are given by Clapp (1961), Curry (1983), Oke (1987), Lee and Kimura (2001), Arya (2001), Andreas et al (2002), Hong et al (2009) and Raddatz et al (2011),…”

Section: Ibl Generation By Convergence/divergence Of Sensible Heat Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking the Atmospheric Boundary Layer to the Amundsen Gulf Sea-Ice Cover: A Mesoscale to Synoptic-Scale Perspective from Winter to Summer 2008

Raddatz

Galley

Barber

2011

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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The link between the sea-ice cover of the Amundsen Gulf and the overlying atmospheric boundary layer was explored on a weekly timestep from winter to summer 2008. The total sea-ice cover was around 97% (3% leads) from 7 January to 21 April. From 28 April to 12 May, the total sea-ice cover approached 100%. From May 19, the total sea-ice declined rapidly to its July minimum of 3%. During the winter, a turbulent internal boundary layer (IBL), attributed to the upward flux of sensible heat (mean = 46 W m −2 ), was present in most of the mean daily potential temperature profiles. The mean latent heat flux was 1.7 Wm −2 . A turbulent IBL was also present in most of the mean daily profiles for early spring. Surface fluxes were not estimated. During late spring and early summer, a stable IBL, attributed to the downward flux of sensible heat (mean = −19 W m −2 ), was present in most of the potential temperature profiles. Both downward and upward fluxes of latent heat occurred in this period (means = −3.3 and 1.1 W m −2 ). The sensible heat flux estimates are consistent with the results of others; however, the latent heat flux estimates may be too small due to condensation/deposition within the IBL. The unconsolidated nature of the pack ice in the Amundsen Gulf, and the low sea-surface temperatures following break-up, were critical factors controlling the presence and type of IBL.Keywords Arctic boundary layer · Latent heat flux · Microwave radiometry · Sea-ice cover · Sensible heat flux

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Normal Heat Sources and Sinks in the Lower Troposphere in Winter

Cited by 40 publications

References 4 publications

General Characteristics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over a Flaw Lead Polynya Region in Winter and Spring

General Characteristics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over a Flaw Lead Polynya Region in Winter and Spring

On the Radiation Budget of the Troposphere over the Northern Hemisphere (II)

Linking the Atmospheric Boundary Layer to the Amundsen Gulf Sea-Ice Cover: A Mesoscale to Synoptic-Scale Perspective from Winter to Summer 2008

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