Normal faulting and crustal deformation, Alkyonides Gulf and Perachora peninsula, eastern Gulf of Corinth rift, Greece

Leeder, M. R.; Portman, C.; Andrews, Julian E.; Collier, Richard E. Ll.; Finch, Emma; Gawthorpe, Rob L.; McNeill, Lisa C.; Pérez‐Arlucea, Marta; Rowe, Peter

doi:10.1144/0016-764904-075

Cited by 72 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Seismic Unit 1 includes two different seismic facies that may or may not be stratigraphically distinct: a nonstratified (limited clear reflections) subunit (1a) mainly found on the southern basin margin and a more widespread, stratified (although weakly in places) subunit (1b). Seismic Unit 2 has been interpreted to record glacial-interglacial cycles (Sachpazi et al, 2003;Bell et al, 2008Bell et al, , 2009Taylor et al, 2011) on the basis of marine and lacustrine conditions detected in short cores, clinoform sequences on some basin margins (e.g., Leeder et al, 2005;McNeill et al, 2005;Lykousis et al, 2007;Bell et al, 2008), and alternating low-amplitude/high-amplitude seismic sequences interpreted as lowstand lacustrine/highstand marine sequences, respectively (e.g., Figures F5, F7). The integrated sequence stratigraphic interpretations suggest the base of seismic Unit 1 is dated to ~0.6 Ma (Nixon et al, 2016).…”

Section: Offshore Rift Architecture and Synrift Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A dense network of seismic reflection profiles (approximately hundreds of meters to 1-3 km spacing) is available from collaborating groups and published material ( Figure F9; Table T2), including deep penetrating lines imaging basement (Sachpazi et al, 2003(Sachpazi et al, , 2007Clément et al, 2004;Zelt et al, 2004Zelt et al, , 2005Taylor et al, 2011) and high-resolution single and multichannel data revealing a detailed sequence stratigraphy of the synrift sequences (Stefatos et al, 2002;Leeder et al, 2005;McNeill et al, 2005;Lykousis et al, 2007;Sakellariou et al, 2007;Bell et al, 2008Bell et al, , 2009. The ability to integrate these data sets and to correlate key horizons and sequences has been demonstrated in recent publications (e.g., Bell et al, 2008Bell et al, , 2009Taylor et al, 2011).…”

Section: Site Survey Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seismic profile spacing and hence horizontal resolution is hundreds of meters to ~2 km for the majority of the active rift. Example publications showing different seismic data sets: Ewing, 2001 (Zelt et al, 2004;Taylor et al, 2011);Vasilios multichannel, 2003Bell et al, 2008Bell et al, , 2009); Aegeao Sakellariou et al, 2007); Vasilios single channel, 1996 (Leeder et al, , 2005; Shackleton, 1982 (Stefatos et al, 2002;Higgs, 1988); high-resolution pinger/sparker (Stefatos et al, 2002;Charalampakis et al, 2014). Locations of existing piston and gravity cores are also shown (red dot = HCMR cores partly unpublished; red star = Moretti et al [2004], blue dot = Collier et al [2000]).…”

Section: Outreachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expedition 381 Scientific Prospectus: Corinth Active Rift Development

McNeill¹,

Shillington²,

Carter³

2017

International Ocean Discovery Program Scientific Prospectus

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Continental rifting is fundamental for the formation of ocean basins, and active rift zones are dynamic regions of high geohazard potential. However, much of what we know from the fault to plate scale is poorly constrained and is not resolved at any level of spatial or temporal detail over a complete rift system. For International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 381, we propose drilling within the active Corinth rift, Greece, where deformation rates are high, the synrift succession is preserved and accessible, and a dense, seismic database provides high-resolution imaging, with limited chronology, of the fault network and of seismic stratigraphy for the recent rift history. In Corinth, we can therefore achieve an unprecedented precision of timing and spatial complexity of rift-fault system development and rift-controlled drainage system evolution in the first 1-2 My of rift history. We propose to determine at a high temporal and spatial resolution how faults evolve, how strain is distributed, and how the landscape responds within the first few million years in a nonvolcanic continental rift, as modulated by Quaternary changes in sea level and climate. High horizontal spatial resolution (1-3 km) is provided by a dense grid of seismic profiles offshore that have been recently fully integrated and are complemented by extensive outcrops onshore. High temporal resolution (~20-50 ky) will be provided by seismic stratigraphy tied to new core and log data from three carefully located boreholes to sample the recent synrift sequence.Two primary themes are addressed by the proposed drilling integrated with the seismic database and onshore data. First, we will examine fault and rift evolutionary history (including fault growth, strain localization, and rift propagation) and deformation rates. The spatial scales and relative timing can already be determined within the seismic data offshore, and dating of drill core will provide the absolute timing offshore, the temporal correlation to the onshore data, and the ability to quantify strain rates. Second, we will study the response of drainage evolution and sediment supply to rift and fault evolution. Core data will define lithologies, depositional systems and paleoenvironment (including catchment paleoclimate), basin paleobathymetry, and relative sea level. Integrated with seismic data, onshore stratigraphy, and catchment data, we will investigate the relative roles and feedbacks between tectonics, climate, and eustasy in sediment flux and basin evolution. A multidisciplinary approach to core sampling integrated with log and seismic data will generate a Quaternary chronology for the synrift stratigraphy down to orbital timescale resolutions and will resolve the paleoenvironmental history of the basin in order to address our objectives.

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Section: Offshore Rift Architecture and Synrift Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Site Survey Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Outreachmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Expedition 381 Scientific Prospectus: Corinth Active Rift Development

McNeill¹,

Shillington²,

Carter³

2017

International Ocean Discovery Program Scientific Prospectus

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“…Because of the presence of the 62 m deep Rion Sill, the Gulf was disconnected from the World Ocean during Quaternary lowstands and was thus a non-marine sedimentary environment. The marine and non-marine environments are associated with different climatic regimes (Leeder et al, 1998(Leeder et al, , 2005Collier et al, 2000). During glacial stages, the sparse vegetation cover was more favorable to erosion than during interglacials, so high quantities of sediments were routed towards the Gulf.…”

Section: Previous Chronostratigraphic Model For the Gulf Of Corinthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active faulting at the western tip of the Gulf of Corinth, Greece, from high-resolution seismic data

et al. 2015

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International audienceThe Gulf of Corinth is one of the fastest-spreading intra-continental rifts on Earth. GPS data indicate that the rift is currently opening in a NNE-SSW direction, with a rate of extension reaching up to 16 mm yr (super - 1) in its westernmost part. Although the rest of the offshore rift has been well studied, the western tip of the rift is still poorly explored. We present an accurate map of submarine faults in this area based on two high-resolution seismic reflection surveys (single-channel sparker). In the eastern part of the studied area, the sedimentary infill is affected by the known North Eratini, South Eratini, and West Channel faults. Further to the west, the seafloor is mostly flat and is bounded to the north by the normal, south-dipping, Trizonia fault. To the north, the shallower part of the Gulf shows to the east a diffuse pattern of normal and strike-slip deformation, which is replaced to the west by a 7.5 km long SE striking strike-slip fault zone, called the Managouli fault zone. To the westernmost tip of the Gulf, in the Nafpaktos Basin, two fault sets with different strikes are encountered; the one with a NE-SW strike exhibits a clear strike-slip component. The western tip of the Gulf of Corinth is the only part of the Corinth Rift where convincing evidence for strike-slip movement has been found. This fault pattern is likely related to the complex deformation occurring at the diffuse junction at the western tip of the Rift between three crustal blocks: Continental Greece, Peloponnese, and the Ionian Island-Akarnania block

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“…The Lower Loutraki fault separates the relatively flat Loutraki plain on the hangingwall and the topographic high of the Gerania Range on the footwall to the north. Based upon local topography we estimate that the minimum dip-slip displacement across the Lower Loutraki fault is greater than 600 m. A highly irregular and eroded Lower Loutraki fault scarp (Leeder et al, 2005) and limited displacement of Holocene fan breccia and colluvium (Turner et al, 2010), suggest a lack of Holocene activity along the Lower Loutraki fault.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 90%

Fault architecture and deformation processes within poorly lithified rift sediments, Central Greece

Loveless

Bense

Turner

2011

Journal of Structural Geology

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a b s t r a c tDeformation mechanisms and resultant fault architecture are primary controls on the permeability of faults in poorly lithified sediments. We characterise fault architecture using outcrop studies, hand samples, thin sections and grain-size data from a minor (1e10 m displacement) normal-fault array exposed within Gulf of Corinth rift sediments, Central Greece. These faults are dominated by mixed zones with poorly developed fault cores and damage zones. In poorly lithified sediment deformation is distributed across the mixed zone as beds are entrained and smeared. We find particulate flow aided by limited distributed cataclasis to be the primary deformation mechanism. Deformation may be localised in more competent sediments. Stratigraphic variations in sediment competency, and the subsequent alternating distributed and localised strain causes complexities within the mixed zone such as undeformed blocks or lenses of cohesive sediment, or asperities at the mixed zone/protolith boundary. Fault tip bifurcation and asperity removal are important processes in the evolution of these fault zones. Our results indicate that fault zone architecture and thus permeability is controlled by a range of factors including lithology, stratigraphy, cementation history and fault evolution, and that minor faults in poorly lithified sediment may significantly impact subsurface fluid flow.

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Normal faulting and crustal deformation, Alkyonides Gulf and Perachora peninsula, eastern Gulf of Corinth rift, Greece

Cited by 72 publications

References 48 publications

Expedition 381 Scientific Prospectus: Corinth Active Rift Development

Expedition 381 Scientific Prospectus: Corinth Active Rift Development

Active faulting at the western tip of the Gulf of Corinth, Greece, from high-resolution seismic data

Fault architecture and deformation processes within poorly lithified rift sediments, Central Greece

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