Norm workers: A challenge for internal dosimetry programmes

Lipsztein, J. L.; Melo, Dunstana R.; Sousa, W.O.; Cunha, Kenya Moore Dias da; Azeredo, A. M. G. F.; Julião, L. M. Q. C.; Santos, Mauro Augusto dos

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006247

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…A 'blank' bioassay sample should be obtained from the workers prior to the commencement of work. When not possible, bioassay samples from family members or from the population living in the same area should be taken and analysed to allow natural or non-occupational intakes and occupational intakes to be distinguished (Eckerman and Kerr, 1999;Lipsztein et al, 2001Lipsztein et al, , 2003. It may be useful to use this information to define a level above which occupational exposure is indicated.…”

Section: Influence Of Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

ICRP Publication 130: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 1

Paquet¹,

et al. 2015

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This report is the first in a series of reports replacing Publications 30 and 68 to provide revised dose coefficients for occupational intakes of radionuclides by inhalation and ingestion. The revised dose coefficients have been calculated using the Human Alimentary Tract Model (Publication 100) and a revision of the Human Respiratory Tract Model (Publication 66) that takes account of more recent data. In addition, information is provided on absorption into blood following inhalation and ingestion of different chemical forms of elements and their radioisotopes. In selected cases, it is judged that the data are sufficient to make material-specific recommendations. Revisions have been made to many of the models that describe the systemic biokinetics of radionuclides absorbed into blood, making them more physiologically realistic representations of uptake and retention in organs and tissues, and excretion. The reports in this series provide data for the interpretation of bioassay measurements as well as dose coefficients, replacing Publications 54 and 78. In assessing bioassay data such as measurements of whole-body or organ content, or urinary excretion, assumptions have to be made about the exposure scenario, including the pattern and mode of radionuclide intake, physical and chemical characteristics of the material involved, and the elapsed time between the exposure(s) and measurement. This report provides some guidance on monitoring programmes and data interpretation.

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Section: Influence Of Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

ICRP Publication 130: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 1

Paquet¹,

et al. 2015

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“…Dalheimer et al [ 8 ] recently reported a daily urinary excretion median value of 3.5 mBq d −1 for non-smokers and 6.6 mBq d −1 for smokers. In Brazil, the reported values of 210 Po excretion in urine were 5.2 mBq l −1 for non-smokers and 9.8 mBq l −1 for smokers [ 9 , 10 ]. In Saudi Arabia, the measured values range from 1.5 to 10 mBq l −1 for non-smokers and 3.3 to 15.9 mBq l −1 for smokers [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal dose assessment of 210Po using biokinetic modeling and urinary excretion measurement

Li¹,

Gerstmann²,

Giussani

et al. 2007

Radiat Environ Biophys

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The mysterious death of Mr. Alexander Litvinenko who was most possibly poisoned by Polonium-210 ( 210 Po) in November 2006 in London attracted the attention of the public to the kinetics, dosimetry and the risk of this high radiotoxic isotope in the human body. In the present paper, the urinary excretion of seven persons who were possibly exposed to traces of 210 Po was monitored. The values measured in the GSF Radioanalytical Laboratory are in the range of natural background concentration. To assess the effective dose received by those persons, the time-dependence of the organ equivalent dose and the effective dose after acute ingestion and inhalation of 210 Po were calculated using the biokinetic model for polonium (Po) recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the one recently published by Leggett and Eckerman (L&E). The daily urinary excretion to effective dose conversion factors for ingestion and inhalation were evaluated based on the ICRP and L&E models for members of the public. The ingestion (inhalation) effective dose per unit intake integrated over one day is 1.7 · 10

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“…Of the 819 natural background level measurements, almost 550 measurements were extracted from studies reported in the literature (Black 1956, Radford and Hunt 1964, Taylor et al 1964, Glöbel et al 1966, Kuroda 1967, Holgye 1969, De Boeck et al 1971, Ladinskaya et al 1973, Bale et al 1975, Eakins and Morrison 1975, Novakova et al 1975, Okabayashi et al 1975, Juan and Ballelos 1976, Holtzman et al 1971, 1979, Spencer et al 1977, Helmkamp et al 1979, Clemente et al 1980, Okabayashi 1982, Irlweck 1982, Mancini et al 1984, Fenzi 1986, Azeredo and Lipsztein 1991, Hunt and Allington 1993, Santos et al 1994, 1995, 2000, Naumann et al 1998, Thomas et al 2001, Lipsztein et al 2003, Samavat and Seaward 2004, Schafer et al 2005, Al-Arifi et al 2006, Hunt and Rumney 2007, Kirchner and Kröger 2008, Gjelsvik et al 2009, Puerta et al 2009, Manickam et al 2010, Gascó et al 2011. The additional 269 measurements were contributions of previously unpublished data.…”

Section: Review Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural levels of polonium-210 in urine

Hodgson

2018

J. Radiol. Prot.

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This paper presents a review and analysis of available data on background levels of polonium-210 in urine. It was established that 819 measurements could be considered to correspond to natural background levels, excluding a large number of values identified by the original investigators as potentially due to an artificial source or due to recognised enhancement of dietary intake. Almost 550 measurements were extracted from studies reported in the literature; additional measurements were contributions of previously unpublished data by authors of more recent papers. The majority of the measurements (462) were single samples from individuals but 357 values were repeat measurements provided by 81 subjects and for these the mean value for each subject was used. The final dataset consisted of measurements from 543 individuals. Analysis of the measurements confirmed the data was log normally distributed with mean and median values of 15.5 mBq d and 11 mBq d in urine samples, respectively. While the overall range was from 0.3-111 mBq d, almost 90% of the measurements were less than 30 mBq d, 95% were less than 45 mBq d, and 99% less than 70 mBq d. Separate analysis of data for smokers and non-smokers suggested a modest increase in smokers of up to 5 mBq d. Perhaps reflecting the importance of dietary differences such as seafood consumption, a marked difference between countries was observed in the range of results. While for most countries, 95% or more of results were below 30 mBq d, China and Italy were notable exceptions, with greater than 20% of values above this level.

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Norm workers: A challenge for internal dosimetry programmes

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

ICRP Publication 130: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 1

ICRP Publication 130: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 1

Internal dose assessment of 210Po using biokinetic modeling and urinary excretion measurement

Natural levels of polonium-210 in urine

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