Noradrenergic ‘Tone’ Determines Dichotomous Control of Cortical Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity

Salgado, Humberto; Köhr, Georg; Treviño, Mario

doi:10.1038/srep00417

Cited by 71 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…The differences in learning rate and side bias between the SSIM dec,wide and SSIM inc,wide groups, suggest that attention signals and/or diffuse neuromodulatory systems were differentially engaged in these groups94647. It has been reported that attention functions as a gate to ensure that visual perceptual learning occurs only in response to features to which attention is directed (task-relevant features), enhancing the stream of signals to specific brain areas24.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled variations in stimulus similarity during learning determine visual discrimination capacity in freely moving mice

Treviño

Oviedo

Jendritza

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

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The mouse is receiving growing interest as a model organism for studying visual perception. However, little is known about how discrimination and learning interact to produce visual conditioned responses. Here, we adapted a two-alternative forced-choice visual discrimination task for mice and examined how training with equiprobable stimuli of varying similarity influenced conditioned response and discrimination performance as a function of learning. Our results indicate that the slope of the gradients in similarity during training determined the learning rate, the maximum performance and the threshold for successful discrimination. Moreover, the learning process obeyed an inverse relationship between discrimination performance and discriminative resolution, implying that sensitivity within a similarity range cannot be improved without sacrificing performance in another. Our study demonstrates how the interplay between discrimination and learning controls visual discrimination capacity and introduces a new training protocol with quantitative measures to study perceptual learning and visually-guided behavior in freely moving mice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled variations in stimulus similarity during learning determine visual discrimination capacity in freely moving mice

Treviño

Oviedo

Jendritza

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…The LC is a small bilateral nucleus located in the dorsal pontine tegmentum (PT) and is the primary source of NE for the brain. Via its widespread release under arousal, NE enhances learning (Ahissar et al, 1996; Chamberlain et al, 2006; Harley, 1987), regulates synaptic plasticity (Ahissar et al, 1996; Neuman and Harley, 1983; Salgado et al, 2012), and optimizes high-order cognitive processes, including working memory (Arnsten and Li, 2005; Wang et al, 2007). NE is also neuroprotective and can lower toxicity in neurons (Counts and Mufson, 2010) and buffer neurons from oxidative stress (Troadec et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromelanin marks the spot: identifying a locus coeruleus biomarker of cognitive reserve in healthy aging

Clewett

Lee

Greening

et al. 2016

Neurobiology of Aging

176

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Leading a mentally stimulating life may build up a reserve of neural and mental resources that preserve cognitive abilities in late life. Recent autopsy evidence links neuronal density in the locus coeruleus (LC), the brain's main source of norepinephrine, to slower cognitive decline before death, inspiring the idea that the noradrenergic system is a key component of reserve. Here, we tested this hypothesis using neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging to visualize and measure LC signal intensity in healthy younger and older adults. Established proxies of reserve, including education, occupational attainment, and verbal intelligence, were linearly correlated with LC signal intensity in both age groups. Results indicated that LC signal intensity was significantly higher in older than younger adults and significantly lower in women than in men. Consistent with the LC-reserve hypothesis, both verbal intelligence and a composite reserve score were positively associated with LC signal intensity in older adults. LC signal intensity was also more strongly associated with attentional shifting ability in older adults with lower cognitive reserve. Together these findings link in vivo estimates of LC neuromelanin signal intensity to cognitive reserve in normal aging.

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“…According to GANE, NE released under arousal modulates mental representations differently as a function of their activation strength, such that NE enhances prioritized inputs even further, while simultaneously suppressing noisy or weak inputs. This selective up-regulation of salient representations is achieved via positive local glutamate-NE feedback loops that generate sufficiently elevated levels of local NE to engage low-affinity β-adrenoreceptors; in turn, β-adrenoreceptor activation potentiates pre- and postsynaptic excitatory activity (Berridge & Waterhouse, 2003) and triggers synaptic plasticity processes that support memory consolidation (Marzo et al, 2009; Salgado et al, 2012; Treviño et al, 2012). At the same time, high glutamatergic activity representing strong inputs should also stimulate local GABAergic activity that inhibits weaker, competing representations (Brown et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noradrenergic mechanisms of arousal’s bidirectional effects on episodic memory

Clewett

Sakaki

Nielsen

et al. 2017

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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Arousal’s selective effects on cognition go beyond the simple enhancement of emotional stimuli, sometimes enhancing and other times impairing processing of proximal neutral information. Past work shows that arousal impairs encoding of subsequent neutral stimuli regardless of their top-down priority via the engagement of β-adrenoreceptors. In contrast, retrograde amnesia induced by emotional arousal can flip to enhancement when preceding neutral items are prioritized in top-down attention. Whether β-adrenoreceptors also contribute to this retrograde memory enhancement of goal-relevant neutral stimuli is unclear. In this pharmacological study, we administered 40mg of propranolol or 40mg of placebo to healthy young adults to examine whether emotional arousal’s bidirectional effects on declarative memory relies on β-adrenoreceptor activation. Following pill intake, participants completed an emotional oddball task in which they were asked to prioritize a neutral object appearing just before an emotional or neutral oddball image within a sequence of 7 neutral objects. Under placebo, emotional oddballs impaired memory for lower priority oddball+1 objects but had no effect on memory for high priority oddball−1 objects. Propranolol blocked this anterograde amnesic effect of arousal. Emotional oddballs also enhanced selective memory trade-offs significantly more in the placebo than drug condition, such that high priority oddball−1 objects were more likely to be remembered at the cost of their corresponding lower priority oddball+1 objects under arousal. Lastly, those who recalled more high priority oddball−1 objects preceding an emotional versus neutral oddball image showed greater increases in salivary alpha-amylase, a biomarker of noradrenergic system activation, across the task. Together these findings suggest that different noradrenergic mechanisms contribute to the anterograde and retrograde mnemonic effects of arousal on proximal neutral memoranda.

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Noradrenergic ‘Tone’ Determines Dichotomous Control of Cortical Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity

Cited by 71 publications

References 27 publications

Controlled variations in stimulus similarity during learning determine visual discrimination capacity in freely moving mice

Controlled variations in stimulus similarity during learning determine visual discrimination capacity in freely moving mice

Neuromelanin marks the spot: identifying a locus coeruleus biomarker of cognitive reserve in healthy aging

Noradrenergic mechanisms of arousal’s bidirectional effects on episodic memory

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