Noradrenergic sympathetic innervation of the spleen: II. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐positive nerve terminals form synapticlike contacts on lymphocytes in the splenic white pulp

Felten, Suzanne Y.; Olschowka, John A.

doi:10.1002/jnr.490180108

Cited by 299 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Our data showed that TH ϩ fibers were present around the vasculature of splenic arteries in normal mice, with some extending into the PALS; our findings support the findings of others in rodents (13)(14)(15)(16). In contrast, SCID mice exhibited a significantly denser array of perivascular fibers, but fewer fibrous extension into the PALS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Extensive arrays of fibers also travel with the central artery and its arteriolar branches in the white pulp, and extend into the parenchyma of the periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths (PALS) that are rich in T cells (13,14). Electron microscopic studies revealed membrane/membrane apposition between nerve terminals and T cells in the spleen (15). Macrophages and B cells that reside in the marginal zone and outer marginal sinus also appear to be sympathetically innervated, while follicular B cells appear to be sparsely innervated.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Neuritogenic Effects of T Cell-Derived IL-3 on Mouse Splenic Sympathetic Neurons In Vivo

Kannan-Hayashi

Okamura

Hattori

et al. 2008

The Journal of Immunology

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To determine the role played by lymphocytes and cytokines in the growth of sympathetic neurons in vivo, the innervation and cytokine levels were examined in the spleens of SCID mice that lack T and B cells. Splenic noradrenaline, nerve growth factor (NGF), and IL-1β levels were elevated in SCID mice. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that the density of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) fibers of splenic central arteries in SCID mice was increased compared with wild-type C.B-17 mice, while SCID mice had significantly fewer TH+ fibers in their periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths (PALS). Two weeks after SCID mice were injected with C.B-17 splenic T cells, their TH+ fiber staining increased in the PALS. IL-3 levels increased significantly in SCID mice following T cell reconstitution, and the administration of anti-IL-3 Ab blocked the above T cell-induced increase in innervation in the PALS. Anti-IL-3 treatment also inhibited the regeneration of splenic sympathetic neurons in C.B-17 mice after they were chemically sympathetomized with 6-hydroxydopamine. Depletion of NK cells by anti-asialo GM1 promoted the splenic innervation in SCID mice, while there were no significant changes in the innervation between CD8+ T cell-deficient β2-microglobulin knockout mice and their wild type. Our results suggest that T cells (probably CD4+ Th cells but not CD8+ CTLs) play a role in regulating the sympathetic innervation of the spleen; this effect appeared to be mediated, at least in part, by IL-3. On the contrary, NK cells may exert an inhibitory effect on the sympathetic innervation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuritogenic Effects of T Cell-Derived IL-3 on Mouse Splenic Sympathetic Neurons In Vivo

Kannan-Hayashi

Okamura

Hattori

et al. 2008

The Journal of Immunology

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“…A maioria dos estudos sobre o efeito do estresse em contexto naturalista com humanos sugere que, em face de situações de estresse (por exemplo, a separação parental), o sistema imunológico exibe sinais de diminuição de competência decorrente da enervação dos tecidos linfáticos, tanto por projeções simpáticas como por projeções nervosas parassimpáticas 67 . Essa afetação implica uma diminuição da atividade dos linfócitos NK 68 ; a proliferação de linfócitos 69,70 ; a citocidade dos linfócitos 71 ; e um maior número de anticorpos aos vírus herpes 69,72 .…”

Section: Estresse E Imunologiaunclassified

Psychosocial adjustment and physical health in children of divorce

Nunes-Costa

Lamela

Figueiredo³

2009

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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Objective: To review the literature on the effects of parental divorce over the psychological maladjustment and physical health problems in children of divorced parents, thus contributing to the integration of existing scientific knowledge based on the biopsychosocial model of the impact of divorce on children's physical health as proposed by Troxel and Matthews (2004). Sources:Review of the literature using MEDLINE and PsycInfo (1980-2007) databases, selecting the most representative articles on the subject. Special attention was paid to contributions by internationally renowned investigators on the subject. Summary of the findings:Divorce may be responsible for a decline of physical and psychological health in children. The developmental maladjustment of children is not triggered by divorce itself, but rather by other risk factors associated with it, such as interparental conflict, parental psychopathology, decline in socio-economic level, inconsistency in parenting styles, a parallel and conflicting co-parenting relationship between parents and low levels of social support. Such risk factors trigger maladjusted developmental pathways, marked by psychopathological symptoms, poor academic performance, worst levels of physical health, risk behavior, exacerbated psychophysiological responses to stress and weakening of the immune system. Conclusions:Clear links were observed between experiencing parental divorce and facing problems of physical and psychological maladjustment in children. Divorce is a stressor that should be considered by health professionals as potentially responsible for maladjusted neuropsychobiological responses and for decline in children's physical health. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2009;85(5):385-396:Divorce, children, health, interparental conflict, immunology, stress. ResumoObjetivo: Apresentar uma revisão da literatura sobre os efeitos da separação parental na desadaptação psicológica e nos problemas de saúde física em crianças filhas de pais separados, contribuindo para a integração do conhecimento científico existente à luz do modelo biopsicossocial do impacto da separação na saúde física das crianças de Troxel e Matthews (2004). Fontes dos dados:Revisão da literatura utilizando as bases de dados MEDLINE e PsycInfo , selecionando os artigos mais representativos do tema. Foi dada especial atenção aos contributos dos investigadores de referência internacional no tema. Síntese dos dados:A separação pode ser responsável pela diminuição da saúde física e psicológica das crianças. Não é a separação por si própria a que desencadeia a desadaptação desenvolvimental das crianças, mas sim outros fatores de risco associados à mesma, como, por exemplo, o conflito interparental, a psicopatologia de um dos pais, a redução do nível socioeconômico, um estilo parental inconsistente, uma relação coparental paralela e conflituosa e baixos níveis de suporte social. Estes fatores de risco desencadeiam trajetórias desenvolvimentais caracterizadas por inadequada adaptação, com possível sintomatologia psicopa...

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“…Immunohistochemical studies show that there is the innervation of both primary and secondary lymphoid organs with sympathetic nerve fibers (10,11,(37)(38)(39), and that mast cells are also often found in the proximity of nerve fibers containing neuropeptides in a variety of tissues including skin, intestine, and dura mater (34,(40)(41)(42). Based on electron microscopic observation, nerve terminals are in direct apposition to T cells and mast cells.…”

Section: Coculture Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Basis of Neuroimmune Interaction in an In Vitro Coculture Approach

Nakanishi

Furuno

2008

Cell Mol Immunol

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A team of researchers from Nagoya, Tokyo and Hamilton developed a unique technique for studying neuroimmune interaction with confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy several years ago. It relies on guiding immune and nerve cell interaction by creating an adhesive environment using an in vitro coculture dish. With their technique, they are able to study details of the mechanism of how nerve cells communicate with immune cells (mast cells and T lymphocytes) and vice versa. They showed that nerve-mast cell communication could occur in the absence of an intermediary transducing cell and that the neuropeptide substance P, operating via NK-1 receptors, was a soluble factor of this communication. In addition, recently, they showed that ATP which was released from activated mast cells mediated the activation of nerve cells. Further, with their technique, Nagoya's group was able to study details of the molecular mechanism of nerve-mast cell interaction. N-cadherin and CADM1 (

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Noradrenergic sympathetic innervation of the spleen: II. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐positive nerve terminals form synapticlike contacts on lymphocytes in the splenic white pulp

Cited by 299 publications

References 26 publications

Neuritogenic Effects of T Cell-Derived IL-3 on Mouse Splenic Sympathetic Neurons In Vivo

Neuritogenic Effects of T Cell-Derived IL-3 on Mouse Splenic Sympathetic Neurons In Vivo

Psychosocial adjustment and physical health in children of divorce

Molecular Basis of Neuroimmune Interaction in an In Vitro Coculture Approach

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