Nonylphenol in the environment: A critical review on occurrence, fate, toxicity and treatment in wastewaters

Soares, Ana; Guieysse, Benoı̂t; Jefferson, Bruce; Cartmell, Elise; Lester, J.N.

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2008.01.004

Cited by 1,008 publications

(616 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…Both the parent ethoxylates and their metabolites, alkyl phenols and carboxylic degradation products, persist in the aquatic environment (Montgomery-Brown and Reinhard, 2003;Soares et al, 2008).…”

Section: Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physicochemical properties of APE metabolites indicate that they will have a significant load in sediments and sludges. APE removal can be enhanced by GAC filtration, UV treatment or ozonolysis but these techniques do not resolve accumulation in sludge (Soares et al, 2008). Horii et al (2007) showed that removal efficiencies for synthetic musks by WTWs ranged from 72% to 98% but concentrations of the galaxolide metabolite HHCB-lactone increased during treatment.…”

Section: Wastewater Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater

Stuart

Lapworth

Crane

et al. 2012

Science of The Total Environment

654

284

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This paper provides a review of the types of emerging organic groundwater contaminants (EGCs) which are beginning to be found in the UK. EGCs are compounds being found in groundwater that were previously not detectable or known to be significant and can come from agricultural, urban and rural point sources. EGCs include nanomaterials, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, industrial compounds, personal care products, fragrances, water treatment by-products, flame retardants and surfactants, as well as caffeine and nicotine. Many are relatively small polar molecules which may not be effectively removed by drinking water treatment. Data from the UK Environment Agency's groundwater screening programme for organic pollutants found within the 30 most frequently detected compounds a number of EGCs such as pesticide metabolites, caffeine and DEET. Specific determinands frequently detected include pesticides metabolites, pharmaceuticals including carbamazepine and triclosan, nicotine, food additives and alkyl phosphates. This paper discusses the routes by which these compounds enter groundwater, their toxicity and potential risks to drinking water and the environment. It identifies challenges that need to be met to minimise risk to drinking water and ecosystems.

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Section: Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wastewater Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater

Stuart

Lapworth

Crane

et al. 2012

Science of The Total Environment

654

284

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Derivation of PNEC values in the EU risk assessment procedure uses either the application of an assessment factor of 10−1000 on the least NOEC or the HC 5 (based in the SSD approach) divided by a safety factor. 44 Assessment factors are recognized as a conservative approach for dealing with uncertainty in assessing risks posed by chemicals.…”

Section: Predicted No Effect Concentrations Of Npmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 NP has been found worldwide in wastewater discharges, sewage-treatment plant effluents, natural water, and sediments. 1−3 Field surveys have revealed that NP occurs at mg L −1 concentrations in aquatic environments 4,5 and has been detected in watersheds and drainage areas of China at relatively great concentrations. 6−8 Because NP and NPEs are ubiquitous, persistent, easily bioaccumulated, and have the potential to cause toxic effects of aquatic organisms, these chemicals have attracted attention in the past few years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, a log-normal distribution model was fitted to different endpoint data points of NP, and the fit of the model was evaluated using the Kolmogorov−Smirnov test. HC 5 values were then derived by use of the ETX 2.0, RIVM software packages, and final PNECs were derived by dividing the HC 5 by an application factor of 5.0. 44 The factor 5 was chosen based on the amount of supporting evidence, such as non-native species data, multispecies data present, and the presence of information based on field data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological Risk of Nonylphenol in China Surface Waters Based on Reproductive Fitness

Jin

Wang

Jin³

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

136

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It has been recognized that ecological risk assessment based on traditional endpoints of toxicity are unable to provide adequate protection because some chemicals may affect reproductive fitness of aquatic organisms at much lower concentrations. In this paper, predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) for 4-nonylphenol (NP) were derived based either on endpoints of survival, development, and growth or on some nonlethal biomarkers of reproduction, biochemical and molecular biology data. The PNECs derived from reproductive lesion ranged from 0.12 to 0.60 μg NP L −1 , which was significantly lower than those derived from other endpoints. An assessment of ecological risks posed by NP to aquatic organisms in surface waters of China was conducted based on concentration levels of NP in 16 surface waters of 4 major river basins and PNECs derived from reproductive fitness by a tiered ecological risk assessment (ERA). The results showed that 14.2% and 76.5% of surface waters in China may have ecological risks resulting from reproductive fitness if the thresholds of protection for aquatic organisms were set up as 5% (HC5) and 1% (HC1), respectively. The risks were significantly greatest in the Yangtze River Basin than in other major river basins. In comparison with the risks assessed based on traditional endpoints, such as lethality, for those chemicals causing adverse effects on reproduction due to modulation of endocrine function, to be protective of ecosystem structure and function, lesser PNECs, based on sublethal effects of reproduction, were appropriate.

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Transformation Products of Emerging Organic Compounds as Future Groundwater and Drinking Water Contaminants

Stuart¹,

Lapworth²

2014

Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants in the Environment

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Nonylphenol in the environment: A critical review on occurrence, fate, toxicity and treatment in wastewaters

Cited by 1,008 publications

References 175 publications

Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater

Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater

Ecological Risk of Nonylphenol in China Surface Waters Based on Reproductive Fitness

Transformation Products of Emerging Organic Compounds as Future Groundwater and Drinking Water Contaminants

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