“…Since WORM memory devices need to store the information during repeated read operations, it is strongly required to have the stability of data storage with a large memory window and a good retention of written memory states. To date, WORM memory device characteristics have been confirmed through various approaches such as charging trap sites or forming conductive filaments to store the information in carbazole-based polyimides, polyimide-molybdenum disulfide quantum dots, polyvinylalcohol-imidazole modified graphene nanocomposites, blend of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxithiophene), polystyrene sulfonate, and polyvinyl alcohol, polymer-PCBM hybrids, perovskite (e.g., BaTiO 3 , CsPbBr 3 ), aluminum oxynitride (AlO x :N), nickel oxide, , Al-rich Al 2 O 3 , indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO), ZnO, ZrO 2 , hybrid inorganic/organic materials, , graphene oxide, , and DNA microdisks . Most of the these WORM devices have two-terminal structures, which were reported to require relatively large current for programming and have an issue of integration with the selector device to prevent cross-talk problem .…”