Nonvagal Reflex Apnea in the Newborn Kitten and during the Early Postnatal Period

Khater-Boidin, Josette; Wallois, Fabrice; Toussaint, P.; Duron, B

doi:10.1159/000244025

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, the effects of 5-HT resulted, at least in part, from activation of 5-HT2 receptors. The 5-HT-induced apnoeas exhibited much the same pattern as various reflex central apnoeas previously described in anaesthetized or decerebrate kittens (Trippenbach, Kelly & Marlot, 1985;Wallois, Khater-Boidin, Dusaussoy & Duron, 1993;Khater-Boidin, Wallois, Toussaint & Duron, 1994). Thus, 5-HT could be involved in the central mechanisms responsible for the generation of these apnoeas.…”

Section: Experimental Approachsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…250-1000 nmol in 0 05 ml artificial cerebrospinal fluid) used in in vitro preparations (NMorin et al 1991). (Trippenbach, Kelly & Marlot, 1985;Wallois, Khater-Boidin, Dusaussoy & Duron, 1993;Khater-Boidin, Wallois, Toussaint & Duron, 1994 (Skoglund, 1960;Duron & Marlot, 1980). Therefore, as postulated by Duron & Marlot (1980), the nervous control of breathing in the newborn may well depend essentially on the non-specific reticular formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Central effects of 5‐HT on activity of respiratory and hypoglossally innervated muscles in newborn kittens.

Khater-Boidin¹,

Rose²,

Duron³

1996

The Journal of Physiology

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1. In decerebrate kittens (it = 29), electrical activity" was studied in the 3rd intercartilaginous (inspiratory), the 9th internal intercostal (expiratory) and the hypoglossally innervated muscles (geniohyoid m. and sternohyoid m.) evoked by the application of 5-HT (a = 16) or related agents (5-HTlA agonist, 8-OH-DPAT (a7 = 6) and 5-HT2 agonist, DOI (n = 4)) to the floor of the IVth ventricle. 2. The application of a control solution (n = 2) produced no significant changes either in minute inspiratory frequency (F1) or in the electrical activity of the muscles studied. Except for these controls, only one trial with one dose of one drug was performed in a given kitten. 3. A dose-related decrease in Fi was observed in response to 5-HT. Low doses (50-500 nmol,

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Section: Experimental Approachsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Central effects of 5‐HT on activity of respiratory and hypoglossally innervated muscles in newborn kittens.

Khater-Boidin¹,

Rose²,

Duron³

1996

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Respiratory changes induced by activating buccal trigeminal afferents have been tested in the kitten (473,224). In anesthetized and decerebrate kittens from P0 to P3-5, applying tiny amounts of water to the mouths induces long apneas (Ͼ60 s) and only rarely swallowings.…”

Section: Trigeminal Afferent Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both electrical stimulation applied to the central end of the lingual nerve and mechanical oral stimulation lead to a strong reinforcement of XII-Mn and expiratory muscle activities during apnea. Serotonin is likely to be involved in the oral trigeminal-induced apnea, since its application to the fourth ventricle in decerebrate kittens induced similar apneas (223,224), whereas intraperitoneal application of 5-HT antagonist suppressed the oral trigeminal-induced apneas (Duron, unpublished results).…”

Section: Trigeminal Afferent Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After P14, this response becomes very difficult to trigger under anesthe-sia, but it persists in decerebrate kittens until becoming inconsistent, as in adult cats (266). More intense cutaneous stimulation, consisting for example of pinching the ventral face of the neck, thorax, and abdomen, inhibits inspiration, elicits apnea and bradypnea, and concomitantly activates the XII-Mns and the expiratory muscles (224). This might possibly correlate with asymmetrical effects of the dorsal and ventral cutaneous afferents.…”

Section: Cutaneous Afferent Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maturation of the Mammalian Respiratory System

Hilaire

Duron

1999

Physiological Reviews

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183

141

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In this review, the maturational changes occurring in the mammalian respiratory network from fetal to adult ages are analyzed. Most of the data presented were obtained on rodents using in vitro approaches. In gestational day 18 (E18) fetuses, this network functions but is not yet able to sustain a stable respiratory activity, and most of the neonatal modulatory processes are not yet efficient. Respiratory motoneurons undergo relatively little cell death, and even if not yet fully mature at E18, they are capable of firing sustained bursts of potentials. Endogenous serotonin exerts a potent facilitation on the network and appears to be necessary for the respiratory rhythm to be expressed. In E20 fetuses and neonates, the respiratory activity has become quite stable. Inhibitory processes are not yet necessary for respiratory rhythmogenesis, and the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) contains inspiratory bursting pacemaker neurons that seem to constitute the kernel of the network. The activity of the network depends on CO2 and pH levels, via cholinergic relays, as well as being modulated at both the RVLM and motoneuronal levels by endogenous serotonin, substance P, and catecholamine mechanisms. In adults, the inhibitory processes become more important, but the RVLM is still a crucial area. The neonatal modulatory processes are likely to continue during adulthood, but they are difficult to investigate in vivo. In conclusion, 1) serotonin, which greatly facilitates the activity of the respiratory network at all developmental ages, may at least partly define its maturation; 2) the RVLM bursting pacemaker neurons may be the kernel of the network from E20 to adulthood, but their existence and their role in vivo need to be further confirmed in both neonatal and adult mammals.

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Oral and Pharyngeal Reflexes in the Mammalian Nervous System: Their Diverse Range in Complexity and the Pivotal Role of the Tongue

Miller

2002

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

160

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ABSTRACT:The oral cavity and pharynx are anatomically separate but functionally integrated regions of the head. The two regions are involved in complex motor responses that include feeding, chewing, swallowing, speech, and respiration. The multiple sensory receptors that innervate these two regions provide the first link in reflexes that control muscles of the entire head, upper gastrointestinal tract, and airway. Most of the reflexes affect the diversity of muscles that compose the tongue, which is vital to all stages of feeding and which continually affects the patency of the airway. Oral-pharyngeal reflexes are evident in the mammalian fetus and continually emerge as the animal or human matures. Some of the first reflexes in the oral region are geared toward nourishment. As the central nervous system matures and the oral and pharyngeal regions develop morphologically, new reflexes develop. Many of these reflexes are protective both of the tissue in the oral cavity, such as the tongue, and of the upper airway in preventing aspiration. While simple reflexes can be evoked in isolation, most reflexes combine with more complex oral and pharyngeal responses such as chewing and vocalization. Oral-pharyngeal reflexes demonstrate a range in complexity. Some sensory stimuli will evoke a series of responses, as is often evident in the infant, and other stimuli will evoke a complex multiple-level recruitment of muscles in a sequence, as in pharyngeal swallowing. Certain sensory inputs evoke an entire motor behavior pattern, such as taste avoidance or facial expression. The oral-pharyngeal reflexes are critical to maintaining life and ultimately serve functions that the oral and pharyngeal regions have in common, such as communication, feeding, and breathing.

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Nonvagal Reflex Apnea in the Newborn Kitten and during the Early Postnatal Period

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Central effects of 5‐HT on activity of respiratory and hypoglossally innervated muscles in newborn kittens.

Central effects of 5‐HT on activity of respiratory and hypoglossally innervated muscles in newborn kittens.

Maturation of the Mammalian Respiratory System

Oral and Pharyngeal Reflexes in the Mammalian Nervous System: Their Diverse Range in Complexity and the Pivotal Role of the Tongue

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