Nonuniform Friction as a Physical Basis for Earthquake Mechanics

Nur, Amos

doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-7182-2_26

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Das & Aki (1977) defined a barrier model and Kanamori & Stewart (1978) defined an asperity model to describe such an inhomogeneous distribution of the breaking strengths of the fauit zone for the earthquake occurrence. Based on a single rider model, Nur (1978) studied the effect of displacement-dependent or positiondependent friction on a rupture, and he also addressed the importance of the inhomogeneity of the breaking strengths over the fault plane on the propagation of a rupture. He related the rupture velocity to the gradient of breaking strengths.…”

Section: T H E O R Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of seismic coupling on the scaling of seismicity

Wang

1995

Geophysical Journal International

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S U M M A R YBased on the dynamical mass-spring model proposed by Burridge & Knopoff (1967), the effects on seismicity and the scaling exponent (i.e. the b value) of the frequency-magnitude relation due to the variation in the stiffness ratio s , defined as the ratio of the spring constant between two masses to that between a mass and the moving plate, are studied. A linearly velocity-dependent friction law is taken to control the relative motion between a mass and the plate. The distribution of the breaking strengths of the system is considered to be a fractal function. Computational results show the strong dependence of the seismicity pattern and the scaling exponent upon the stiffness ratio s. The number of large events increases with s. For s < 20, the data points of both cumulative frequency and discrete frequency versus magnitude cannot be completely interpreted by a single line. For s > 120, only the delocalized events, for which all masses of the model slide almost simultaneously in a time span, are generated. For 20 s s s 120, the data points of frequency versus magnitude in a large magnitude range follow a power-law function very well. The lower bound of the magnitude range is almost constant, but the upper bound increases with s. The b value of the cumulative frequency-magnitude relation is smaller than that of the discrete frequency-magnitude one especially for a large value of s. The b value of the power-law function for 20 S s S 120 decreases with increasing s in the following forms: b -s-2'3 for the cumulative frequencymagnitude relation and b -s ~ 1' 2 for the discrete frequency-magnitude one. In addition, the variations in several other parameters of the friction law also lead to different b values, but the distributions of b versus s still follow the previously mentioned relations.

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Section: T H E O R Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of seismic coupling on the scaling of seismicity

Wang

1995

Geophysical Journal International

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“…Das and Aki (1977) and Aki (1979) defined a barrier model and Kanamori and Stewart (1978) defined an asperity model to describe such an inhomogeneous distribution of the breaking strengths of the fault zone for earthquake occurrences. Based on a single rider model, Nur (1978) used a one-body dynamical model to study the effect of displacement-dependent or position-dependent friction on a rupture. His results reveal the importance of the inhomogeneities of the breaking strengths over the fault plane on the propagation of a rupture.…”

Section: Frictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Dimensional Dynamical Modeling of Earthquakes: A Review

Wang

2008

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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3. This relation is commonly considered to hold up for a wide range of events (Hanks 1977). However, for Japanese earthquakes, Shimazaki (1986) AbstrActStudies of the power-law relations of seismicity and earthquake source parameters based on the one-dimensional (1-D) Burridge-Knopoff's (BK) dynamical lattice model, especially those studies conducted by Taiwan's scientists, are reviewed in this article. In general, velocity-and/or state-dependent friction is considered to control faulting. A uniform distribution of breaking strengths (i.e., the static friction strength) is taken into account in some studies, and inhomogeneous distributions in others. The scaling relations in these studies include: Omori's law, the magnitude-frequency or energy-frequency relation, the relation between source duration time and seismic moment, the relation between rupture length and seismic moment, the frequency-length relation, and the source power spectra. The main parameters of the one-dimensional (1-D) Burridge-Knopoff's (BK) dynamical lattice model include: the decreasing rate (r) of dynamic friction strength with sliding velocity; the type and degree of heterogeneous distribution of the breaking strengths, the stiffness ratio (i.e., the ratio between the stiffness of the coil spring connecting two mass elements and that of the leaf spring linking a mass element and the moving plate); the frictional drop ratio of the minimum dynamic friction strength to the breaking strength; and the maximum breaking strength. For some authors, the distribution of the breaking strengths was considered to be a fractal function. Hence, the fractal dimension of such a distribution is also a significant parameter. Comparison between observed scaling laws and simulation results shows that the 1-D BK dynamical lattice model acceptably approaches fault dynamics.

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“…A different approach to the frictional resistance in block sliding has been discussed by Byerlee (1970), Nur andShultz (1973), andNur (1977) in light of earthquake dynamics; in this approach it is assumed that asperities along the fault surface lock together to form the frictional resistance, When the shear force becomes strong enough to cause brittle failure of these asperities motion can occur. As the sliding proceeds, continual locking and breaking of the asperities cause fluctuations in the frictional, resistance.…”

Section: Linear Rheologic Models Of Stress Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and laboratory simulation of fault motion and earthquake occurrence

Cohen¹

1979

Reviews of Geophysics

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This paper reviews the simulation of earthquake occurrence by numerical and laboratory mechanical block models. Simple linear rheological elements are used with elastic forces driving the main events and viscoelastic forces being important for aftershock and creep occurrence. Friction and its dependence on velocity, stress, and displacement also play a key role in determining how, when, and where fault motion occurs. The discussion of the qualitative behavior of the simulators focuses on the manner in which energy is stored in the system and released by the unstable and stable sliding processes. The numerical results emphasize the statistics of earthquake occurrence and the correlations among source parameters.

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Nonuniform Friction as a Physical Basis for Earthquake Mechanics

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of seismic coupling on the scaling of seismicity

Effect of seismic coupling on the scaling of seismicity

One-Dimensional Dynamical Modeling of Earthquakes: A Review

Numerical and laboratory simulation of fault motion and earthquake occurrence

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