Nontyphoidal Salmonellosis

Abstract

Nontyphoidal Salmonella are important foodborne pathogens that cause gastroenteritis, bacteremia, and subsequent focal infection. These hardy bacteria are especially problematic in a wide variety of immunocompromised individuals, including (but not limited to) patients with malignancy, human immunodeficiency virus, or diabetes, and those receiving corticosteroid therapy or treatment with other immunotherapy agents. Endovascular infection and deep bone or visceral abscesses are important complications that may be difficult to treat. The site of infection and the individual's immune status influence treatment choices. The harbingers of resistance of nontyphoidal Salmonella to both fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins have been reported recently, and such resistance is likely to be a therapeutic problem in the future. The current report presents a brief overview of the problems and trends associated with salmonellosis that are of interest to the infectious diseases clinician.

Incidence of non-typhoidal Salmonella in poultry products in the North West Province, South Africa

“…Immunocompromised individuals including patients with HIV, cancer or diabetes, are at higher risk of non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) bacteraemia and often develop focal infections such as meningitis, septic arthritis, pneumonia and osteomyelitis. 2 Although more than 2500 serovars of Salmonella enterica have been reported, S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis are identified as the commonest causes of human infection. 3,4 A retrospective study in one hospital in the Democratic Republic of Congo from 2002 to 2006, revealed that NTS caused 59% of bacteraemia in children.…”

Severe sepsis from a Ciprofloxacin resistant salmonellosis in a kidney transplant recipient

“…cannot be clinically distinguished from those caused by other bacteria, as in both cases the classical symptoms are acute-onset fever, diarrhea and abdominal pain. 6,7 The incidence of salmonellosis in KTR is lower than 2% per year. 6,8 This clinical condition has a broad spectrum of gravity, but in immunocompetent hosts, bacteremia can be seen in less than 5 to 10%.…”

“…is a rare form of infection that cannot be clinically differentiated from common acute enteritis, and usually responds well to fluoroquinolones. [6][7][8] In immunosuppressed patients, however, it can be more easily associated with bacteremia, and, consequently, to a much worse prognosis. [9][10][11] In this paper, we present a rare case of invasive diarrhea with severe sepsis caused by ciprofloxacin resistant Salmonella sp.…”

Sonographically detected thickened small bowel in a case of paediatric Salmonella Typhimurium enteritis

“…Associated bacteraemia is uncommon, occurring in 1–5% of affected children 03 . In Africa, however, rates of bacteraemia have been 10 times higher, associated with pneumonia, meningitis and osteoarthritis, and a predictably high mortality.…”

“…Despite the frequency of S. Typhimurium infections and their proclivity for the terminal ileum, their ultrasound findings have not been well documented, compared to those of appendicitis, 03 suggesting an underused modality. Ueda, et al .…”