Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease Caused byMycobacterium lentiflavumin a Patient with Bronchiectasis

Abstract

We report a rare case of lung disease caused by Mycobacterium lentiflavum in a previously healthy woman. A 54-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to chronic cough and sputum. A computed tomography scan of the chest revealed bilateral bronchiectasis with bronchiolitis in the right middle lobe and the lingular division of the left upper lobe. Nontuberculous mycobacteria were isolated twice from three expectorated sputum specimens. All isolates were identified as M. lentiflavum by multilocus sequence analysis based on rpoB, hsp65, and 16S rRNA fragments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of M. lentiflavum lung disease in an immunocompetent adult in Korea.

Frequency and clinical implications of the isolation of rare nontuberculous mycobacteria

“…New NTM are constantly reported, while the lung diseases arising from these new organisms are reported at a similarly rapid rate [ 16 - 19 ]. Consequently, clinicians inevitably encounter patients who present with unfamiliar and rarely identified NTM.…”

Clinical characteristics of pulmonary Mycobacterium lentiflavum disease in adult patients

“…There is currently no consensus regarding the treatment regimen for pulmonary M. lentiflavum disease (Hiraki et al, 2012;Jeong et al, 2013;Marshall et al, 2011;Molteni et al, 2005;Shamaei et al, 2010;Shin et al, 2007;Tortoli et al, 2002;Tortoli et al, 1997). In this study, including the literature review, 10 of 16 (62.5%) patients received antimycobacterial combination therapy.…”

“…The diagnostic criteria were based on the American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America (ATS/IDSA) statements (Griffith et al, 2007). M. lentiflavum was identified by PCR amplification of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene and the beta subunit of the RNA polymerase gene fragment (rpoB) at the Research Institute of Tuberculosis/ Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (Han et al, 2002;Jeong et al, 2013;Niobe et al, 2001). The following information was collected for these cases: patient characteristics, smoking history, underlying pulmonary and other diseases, immune status, sputum acid-fast smear and culture findings, radiological findings, antimicrobial therapy, and clinical course.…”

“…Other infected sites, including pulmonary infection, are less frequent (Ibanez et al, 2002;Lee et al, 2015;Molteni et al, 2005;Niobe et al, 2001;Shamaei et al, 2010;Shin et al, 2007;Springer et al, 1996;Tortoli et al, 2002;Tortoli et al, 2006). Although M. lentiflavum is the third most common Mycobacterium isolated in cystic fibrosis patients (Phelippeau et al, 2015), little has been reported regarding the clinical importance of pulmonary M. lentiflavum infection in adult patients (Hiraki et al, 2012;Jeong et al, 2013;Lee et al, 2015;Marshall et al, 2011;Molteni et al, 2005;Shamaei et al, 2010;Shin et al, 2007;Tortoli et al, 1997). The clinical features and outcomes of five cases of pulmonary M. lentiflavum disease encountered at two institutions during the years 2001-2015 are reported here.…”

Disseminated Mycobacterium lentiflavum Responsible for Hemophagocytic Lymphohistocytosis in a Man with a History of Heart Transplantation

“…Therefore, when possible, antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be performed prior to treatment (23,24). Finally, we performed a brief review of the literature and identified three main clinical presentations of M. lentiflavum infection (Table 1) (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). First, in young children (n ϭ 24) and, rarely, in adults (n ϭ 2), M. lentiflavum can be responsible for lymphadenitis, most often, cervical lymphadenitis, and these cases demonstrate a good outcome after surgical removal alone.…”