Disseminated Mycobacterium lentiflavum Responsible for Hemophagocytic Lymphohistocytosis in a Man with a History of Heart Transplantation

Thomas, Ginu; Hraiech, Sami; Dizier, Stéphanie; Pj, Weiller; Ené, N.; Serratrice, Jacques; Secq, Véronique; Ambrosi, Pı̈erre; Drancourt, Michel; Roch, Antoine; Papazian, Laurent

doi:10.1128/jcm.00758-14

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…This environmental organism ( 2 ) has been isolated from human specimens, including an intervertebral disc ( 1 ), respiratory tract samples and gastric/gut aspirates ( 1 , 3 ), lymph nodes ( 4 ), feces ( 5 ), and bone marrow ( 5 ). M. lentiflavum emerges in cystic fibrosis patients ( 6 ) and was responsible for the death of one heart-transplanted immunocompromised patient ( 5 ). Routine identification of this fastidious mycobacterium can be achieved by partial rpoB gene sequencing ( 7 ).…”

Section: Genome Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium lentiflavum CSUR P1491

et al. 2015

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Section: Genome Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium lentiflavum CSUR P1491

et al. 2015

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“…M. lentiflavum had been considered to be a harmless organism. However, this interpretation was recently challenged by the publication of a few cases with disseminated M. lentiflavum infections [ 16 – 18 ]. In one case, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and disseminated M. lentiflavum infection in a heart-transplanted patient led to the death of this immune-compromised patient within ten days [ 18 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Mycobacterium lentiflavum in cystic fibrosis patients, France

et al. 2015

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BackgroundMycobacterium lentiflavum is rarely isolated in respiratory tract samples from cystic fibrosis patients. We herein describe an unusually high prevalence of M. lentiflavum in such patients.MethodsM. lentiflavum, isolated from the respiratory tract of cystic fibrosis patients, was identified using both rpoB partial sequencing and detected directly in the sputum by using real-time PCR targeting the smpB gene.ResultsM. lentiflavum emerged as the third most prevalent nontuberculous mycobacterial species isolated in cystic fibrosis patients in Marseille, France. Six such patients were all male, and two of them may have fulfilled the American Thoracic Society clinical and microbiological criteria for M. lentiflavum potential lung infection.ConclusionsM. lentiflavum was the third most common mycobacteria isolated in cystic fibrosis patients, particularly in six male patients. M. lentiflavum outbreaks are emerging particularly in cystic fibrosis patients.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12890-015-0123-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…We conducted a review of the PubMed and EMBASE databases of previously reported cases of haemophagocytic syndrome associated with non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection. We found only 12 specific cases of infection by M. avium complex10–21 (Table S1 in the online supplemental appendix 1) and nine cases of infection by other non-tuberculous mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium Kansasii in three cases, Mycobacterium leprae in two cases, and Mycobacterium xenopi , Mycobacterium abscessus , Mycobacterium lentiflavum and Mycobacterium iranicum in one case each22–30 (Table S2 in the online supplemental appendix 1). As in the case of our patient, most of the reported cases correspond to disseminated infections where the lack of localised symptoms delayed the correct diagnosis, and the detection of granulomas in bone marrow biopsy served as an early indicator of infection by non-tuberculous mycobacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemophagocytic syndrome caused by disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection

Baldovino Chiquillo,

Rico,

Leal

et al. 2023

BMJ Case Rep

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A female patient in her 30s presented to the emergency department with a 10-day history of fever, weakness and diaphoresis. Subsequent investigations revealed a diagnosis of haemophagocytic syndrome, secondary to disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection affecting the bone marrow, lungs, lymph nodes and skin. The bone marrow culture confirmed the presence ofMycobacterium aviuminfection. The patient’s haemophagocytic syndrome was managed using the HLH-2004 chemoimmunotherapy, andM. aviuminfection was treated with a combination of clarithromycin, ethambutol, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin and amikacin. Throughout her hospitalisation, the patient faced several serious complications arising from both the medications and the prolonged hospital stay (lasting 12 months). However, these complications were promptly identified and effectively managed through a multidisciplinary and comprehensive approach. This approach was crucial in achieving a favourable patient outcome and successful recovery.

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Disseminated Mycobacterium lentiflavum Responsible for Hemophagocytic Lymphohistocytosis in a Man with a History of Heart Transplantation

Abstract: Mycobacterium lentiflavum is a nontuberculous, slowly growing mycobacterium usually recognized as a contaminant. Here, we report a case of disseminated M. lentiflavum infection responsible for hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis in a heart-transplanted man. CASE REPORT

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium lentiflavum CSUR P1491

Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium lentiflavum CSUR P1491

Prevalence of Mycobacterium lentiflavum in cystic fibrosis patients, France

Haemophagocytic syndrome caused by disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection

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