Nonthymoma‐associated exfoliative dermatitis in 18 cats

Линек, Моника; Rüfenacht, Silvia; Brachelente, Chiara; Tscharner, C. von; Favrot, Claude; Wilhelm, Sylvia; Nett, Claudia; Mueller, Ralf S.; Mayer, Ursula; Welle, Monika Maria

doi:10.1111/vde.12169

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…1,2 Clinical expression comprises severe exfoliation, scaling and crusting with variable levels of pruritus. 3,4 These clinical and histological signs have, in some cases, been associated with thymoma, 3,5,6 but not consistently. Because this histological syndrome shares some features with cutaneous lupus erythematosus or erythema multiforme,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and histological recovery of non-thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis in a cat treated with ciclosporin A

Combarros

Moulin²,

Correge³

et al. 2020

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Case summary A 6-year-old neutered female European Shorthair cat was referred for chronic, moderately pruritic, alopecic and exfoliative dermatosis that was unresponsive to antiparasitic, antibiotic or steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The cat presented with truncular alopecia and numerous whitish adherent scales covering the whole body. Differential diagnoses included sebaceous adenitis, dermatophytosis, demodicosis, exfoliative dermatitis associated or not with thymoma, drug reaction, feline immunodeficiency virus- or feline leukaemia virus-associated dermatoses, epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma, and Malassezia yeasts and/or bacterial overgrowth. Blood tests were within normal limits and the retrovirus tests were negative. Skin scrapings, fungal culture, coat brushing and skin cytology were negative for parasitic or microbial elements. Radiographs showed no signs of a thymic mass. Histological examination of skin biopsies revealed marked orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, lymphocytic (CD3+) interface dermatitis and mural folliculitis with absence of sebaceous glands and occasional apoptotic cells in different epidermal layers. Clinical and histological findings were consistent with non-thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis syndrome. Ciclosporin A (7 mg/kg) was administered once daily. A dramatic improvement was observed after 3 weeks. Ciclosporin A intake was then progressively spaced out as the clinical signs diminished. Skin biopsies revealed resolution of hyperkeratosis, disappearance of the inflammatory infiltrate and recovery of the sebaceous glands. Relevance and novel information T-cell infiltration with signs of epidermal cytotoxicity, in the absence of infectious agents or neoplastic process, suggests an immune-mediated process, and ciclosporin A, a calcineurin inhibitor, would be the drug of choice. This is the first report showing resolution of both the clinical and histological signs of non-thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and histological recovery of non-thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis in a cat treated with ciclosporin A

Combarros

Moulin²,

Correge³

et al. 2020

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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“…In the veterinary literature, there is one report of dexamethasone treatment in four cats with prednisolone-resistant non-thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis. However, the cases described in that study lacked clinical and histopathological features of hypersensitivity reaction [ 15 ]. Successful treatment of urticaria pigmentosa-like disease in one domestic shorthair cat with dexamethasone and cetirizine hydrochloride was also reported [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful Treatment of a Multi-Drug-Resistant Severely Pruritic Hypersensitivity Dermatitis in a Cat

Rzeszutek¹

2020

Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine

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A 3-year-old neutered female domestic shorthair cat was presented with a severely pruritic dermatitis. After exclusion of flea allergy dermatitis, ectoparasite infestation, retroviral infection, neoplasia, and cutaneous adverse food reaction, a diagnosis of nonflea, nonfood hypersensitivity dermatitis (NFNFHD) was made. The resolution of complicating bacterial infection and yeast overgrowth did not improve the animal’s condition. Numerous antipruritic treatment modalities used during the investigation proved unsuccessful, including anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive prednisolone doses, oclacitinib, antihistamines, ciclosporin A, and supplementation with essential fatty acids. Allergen-specific serology test results were negative. Treatment with oral dexamethasone allowed a complete resolution of clinical signs. The cat has been successfully maintained in remission for over 12 months. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first case report of a cat with multi-drug-resistant NFNFHD treated successfully with dexamethasone.

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“…However, this has been described only in single cases or small groups of patients and the results must be viewed with caution. Diseases successfully treated or controlled with CsA include pseudopelade, 58 feline urticaria pigmentosa ( Figure 5), 74 idiopathic facial dermatitis of Persian cats, 75 granulomatous folliculitis and furunculosis, sebaceous adenitis, 76 feline lymphocytic mural folliculitis, 77 exfoliative dermatitis not associated with thymoma, 78 an atypical form of feline eosino philic dermatosis ( Figure 6), possibly of genetic origin, 79 and feline plasma cell pododermatitis. 80…”

Section: Miscellaneous Skin Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ciclosporin and the cat: Current understanding and review of clinical use

Colombo¹,

Sartori²

2018

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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This review will be of interest to all veterinarians working with cats, given the wide range of potential applications of CsA and its safety profile. Although the drug is currently only licensed to treat chronic allergic dermatitis in cats, a small number of reports describe its use in non-dermatological conditions. Evidence base: This article reviews the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, adverse effects and clinical use of CsA, both for the licensed indication and for off-label use in the feline patient. Information presented has been summarised from the existing literature on CsA, with specific interest in studies carried out in cats. For its licensed indication, chronic allergic dermatitis, evidence provided includes randomised, placebo or prednisolone-controlled studies (EBM grade I) and prospective or retrospective open trials.

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Nonthymoma‐associated exfoliative dermatitis in 18 cats

Abstract: Nonthymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis in cats is clinically and histopathologically indistinguishable from thymoma-associated cases. Most cases benefit from immunosuppressive therapy; therefore, an immunopathological response to an undefined trigger is suspected.

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

Clinical and histological recovery of non-thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis in a cat treated with ciclosporin A

Clinical and histological recovery of non-thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis in a cat treated with ciclosporin A

Successful Treatment of a Multi-Drug-Resistant Severely Pruritic Hypersensitivity Dermatitis in a Cat

Ciclosporin and the cat: Current understanding and review of clinical use

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