Nonstructural Protein 1-Specific Immunoglobulin M and G Antibody Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays in Diagnosis of Flaviviral Infections in Humans

Chao, Day‐Yu; Galula, Jedhan Ucat; Shen, Wen-Fan; Davis, Brent S.; Chang, Gwong‐Jen J.

doi:10.1128/jcm.02735-14

Cited by 27 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In the same manner, limited cross-reactivity to the JEV and WNV antigens was observed in few YF-17D-vaccinated human serum specimens (see Table S1 in the supplemental material). These observations are consistent with previous reports that antibodies to prM/E and NS1 proteins cross-react highly to flaviviruses within the same serocomplex, and poorly to those from different serocomplexes (24,27,29,44). In the United States, the recommended test protocol to distinguish WNV infections from St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) infections involves the initial screening of specimens by MAC-ELISA, and sometimes in tandem with IgG ELISA, followed by PRNT to confirm positive MAC-ELISA results (45); this might have a turnaround time of about 2 weeks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…VLP-and NS1-MAC-ELISAs were performed to analyze the presence of prM/E-and NS1-specific IgM antibodies in human serum, as previously described (24,27). Briefly, 96-well plates were coated with goat anti-human IgM (Kirkegaard & Perry Laboratories, Gaithersburg, MD) diluted 1:2,000 in coating buffer (0.015 M NaCO 3 , 0.035 M NaHCO 3 [pH 9.6]) and incubated overnight in a humidified chamber at 4°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All serum specimens were preabsorbed with VLP antigens to deplete anti-prM/E antibodies before performing NS1-MAC-ELISAs, according to the previously described procedure (24). Briefly, the patient or naive serum was diluted 1:2,000 in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) premixed with VLP antigens, and 50 l was added immediately to wells of the Ag-ELISA plate precoated with rabbit anti-JEV or anti-WNV VLP polyclonal serum, as described above, and incubated for 1 h at 37°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these methods intrinsically do not have sufficient sensitivity to detect low levels of anti-NS1 antibodies in human serum, particularly in subclinical infections (17,21,23). Recently, we developed modified IgM and IgG antibody-capture ELISAs (MAC-and GAC-ELISAs, respectively) that were highly sensitive for detecting anti-NS1 antibodies during the acute and convalescent phases of DENV infection (24). In the present study, we further expanded the applicability of these novel NS1-specific ELISAs to human serum specimens collected from JEV-and WNV-infected patients and sought to demonstrate the mechanism behind the enhanced detection of low-level anti-NS1 antibodies, compare the performance and determine the agreement between the standard prM/E-specific MAC-ELISA and the newly developed NS1-specific MAC-ELISA in the diagnosis of acute JEV and WNV infections, and establish a diagnostic algorithm that employs the tandem analyses of both prM/E-and NS1-specific MAC-ELISAs for a highly specific and accurate serodiagnosis of current JEV and WNV infections without resorting to PRNT.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Establishment of an Algorithm Using prM/E- and NS1-Specific IgM Antibody-Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays in Diagnosis of Japanese Encephalitis Virus and West Nile Virus Infections in Humans

et al. 2016

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The front-line assay for the presumptive serodiagnosis of acute Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) infections is the premembrane/envelope (prM/E)-specific IgM antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA). Due to antibody cross-reactivity, MAC-ELISA-positive samples may be confirmed with a time-consuming plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). In the present study, we applied a previously developed anti-nonstructural protein 1 (NS1)-specific MAC-ELISA (NS1-MAC-ELISA) on archived acute-phase serum specimens from patients with confirmed JEV and WNV infections and compared the results with prM/E containing virus-like particle-specific MAC-ELISA (VLP-MAC-ELISA). Pairedreceiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses revealed no statistical differences in the overall assay performances of the VLP-and NS1-MAC-ELISAs. The two methods had high sensitivities of 100% but slightly lower specificities that ranged between 80% and 100%. When the NS1-MAC-ELISA was used to confirm positive results in the VLP-MAC-ELISA, the specificity of serodiagnosis, especially for JEV infection, was increased to 90% when applied in areas where JEV cocirculates with WNV, or to 100% when applied in areas that were endemic for JEV. The results also showed that using multiple antigens could resolve the cross-reactivity in the assays. Significantly higher positive-to-negative (P/N) values were consistently obtained with the homologous antigens than those with the heterologous antigens. JEV or WNV was reliably identified as the currently infecting flavivirus by a higher ratio of JEV-to-WNV P/N values or vice versa. In summary of the above-described results, the diagnostic algorithm combining the use of multiantigen VLP-and NS1-MAC-ELISAs was developed and can be practically applied to obtain a more specific and reliable result for the serodiagnosis of JEV and WNV infections without the need for PRNT. The developed algorithm should provide great utility in diagnostic and surveillance activities in which test accuracy is of utmost importance for effective disease intervention. Mosquito-borne flaviviruses in the family Flaviviridae are responsible for a number of globally significant diseases and are serologically divided into several complexes, including the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), dengue virus (DENV), and yellow fever virus (YFV) serocomplexes (1). JEV and West Nile virus (WNV) are two of the most important members of the JEV serocomplex that have emerged into new geographic ranges in the past years (2, 3). JEV occurs in East, South, and Southeast Asia, where DENV is also commonly distributed, but it has spread from the Indonesian archipelago to Papua New Guinea and the Torres Strait islands of northern Australia, and to new areas in western India and Pakistan (4). WNV is originally endemic in parts of Africa, Europe, the Middle East, West Asia, India, and Australia; it then unexpectedly emerged in New York City in 1999 and rapidly expanded over North America to Central America and fin...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Establishment of an Algorithm Using prM/E- and NS1-Specific IgM Antibody-Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays in Diagnosis of Japanese Encephalitis Virus and West Nile Virus Infections in Humans

et al. 2016

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“…The DENV-2 virus-like particle has epitopes for antibodies to dengue virus serotypes 2 and 4 whereas the DENV-3 has epitopes for antibodies to serotypes 3 and 1 30 . The recombinant P. falciparum antigens represented a 42-kDa fragment from clone FVO, a 42-kDa fragment from clone 3D7 and a 19-kDa fragment from clone 3D7 (Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany) that was linked with glutathione- S -transferase 26 – 29 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Haitian children's exposure to chikungunya, dengue and malaria

Poirier

Moss

Feeser

et al. 2016

Bull. World Health Organ.

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ObjectiveTo differentiate exposure to the newly introduced chikungunya virus from exposure to endemic dengue virus and other pathogens in Haiti.MethodsWe used a multiplex bead assay to detect immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to a recombinant chikungunya virus antigen, two dengue virus-like particles and three recombinant Plasmodium falciparum antigens. Most (217) of the blood samples investigated were collected longitudinally, from each of 61 children, between 2011 and 2014 but another 127 were collected from a cross-sectional sample of children in 2014.FindingsOf the samples from the longitudinal cohort, none of the 153 collected between 2011 and 2013 but 78.7% (48/61) of those collected in 2014 were positive for IgG responses to the chikungunya virus antigen. In the cross-sectional sample, such responses were detected in 96 (75.6%) of the children and occurred at similar prevalence across all age groups. In the same sample, responses to malarial antigen were only detected in eight children (6.3%) but the prevalence of IgG responses to dengue virus antigens was 60.6% (77/127) overall and increased steadily with age. Spatial analysis indicated that the prevalence of IgG responses to the chikungunya virus and one of the dengue virus-like particles decreased as the sampling site moved away from the city of Léogâne and towards the ocean.ConclusionSerological evidence indicates that there had been a rapid and intense dissemination of chikungunya virus in Haiti. The multiplex bead assay appears to be an appropriate serological platform to monitor the seroprevalence of multiple pathogens simultaneously.

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West Nile Virus Infection

Bahuon

Lecollinet

Beck

2015

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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West Nile virus (WNV) is an arthropod‐borne virus transmitted mainly by mosquito bites. Wild avifauna constitutes its natural reservoir. Mammals are dead‐end hosts as they generally do not develop a viraemia high enough to trigger a new infection cycle. WNV belongs to the Flavivirus genus and can be responsible for a disease known as WN fever. Humans and horses are the most sensitive hosts as they may develop severe neurological signs. WNV has a worldwide distribution and caused numerous outbreaks since the late 1990s, most notably in North America and Europe. Lineage 1 strains have caused the most severe outbreaks to date. However, the situation has recently evolved with the emergence in the late 2000s of pathogenic lineage 2 strains in South Africa, Russia and Eastern and Southern Europe. Many developments in the fields of WN diagnosis and vaccination have been described in the recent years and may help control WNV spread. Key Concepts West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic arbovirus mainly transmitted by mosquitoes. It is an enveloped, positive‐stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae . WNV has a wide geographical range that includes Europe, the Middle East, Western Asia, Africa, Australia (Kunjin virus) and North, Central and South America. Most WNV infections are asymptomatic, but can be responsible for a disease known as WN fever (10–20% of WNV infections) or severe neurological signs (1–10% of WNV infections) in humans and horses. Humans and horses are the most sensitive hosts. Since the late 1990s, pathogenic WNV strains have begun to emerge. Diagnosis can be difficult as flaviviruses are antigenically related. There are no effective drugs or treatments against WNV infections. Approved vaccines are available in equids, and human vaccines are under development. Control of WNV outbreaks largely depends on vector control measures and interventions.

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Nonstructural Protein 1-Specific Immunoglobulin M and G Antibody Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays in Diagnosis of Flaviviral Infections in Humans

Cited by 27 publications

References 36 publications

Establishment of an Algorithm Using prM/E- and NS1-Specific IgM Antibody-Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays in Diagnosis of Japanese Encephalitis Virus and West Nile Virus Infections in Humans

Establishment of an Algorithm Using prM/E- and NS1-Specific IgM Antibody-Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays in Diagnosis of Japanese Encephalitis Virus and West Nile Virus Infections in Humans

Measuring Haitian children's exposure to chikungunya, dengue and malaria

West Nile Virus Infection

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