Nonstandard Employment and Indigenous Earnings Inequality in Canada

Lamb, Danielle; Verma, Anil Kumar

doi:10.1177/00221856211021128

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This is consistent with Feir (2013), who notes that weeks worked is a major contributor to the income gap. Likewise, Lamb and Verma (2019) find that Indigenous Peoples are "over represented in nonstandard jobs and that such forms of work are associated with sizable earnings penalties" (p. 1). Thus, variables capturing work arrangements may be masking potential discrimination as Indigenous adults may be sorted into lower paid positions as a result of labor market discrimination-a result that is corroborated by Fang and Gunderson (2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decomposition of Economic Vulnerability Among Indigenous and Non‐Indigenous Adults in Canada

Watson,

Daley

2023

Review of Income and Wealth

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Using the 2004–2007 and 2008–2011 panels of the Canadian Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, we examine earnings and employment disparities between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous adults. While an income gap exists and tends not to significantly change over time, taxes and transfers reduce it by almost 40 percent. Further, the gap is generally largest at the bottom of the income distribution. The explained component of the gap is primarily due to differences in education, particularly for young workers, and although the unexplained portion decreases over time, this is due to increased differences in observed labor market characteristics, implying that labor market discrimination may be on the rise. In addition, the probability of joblessness is higher for Indigenous adults and the male gap has increased. Results are robust to a bounding technique that adjusts for labor force participation differences and tend to be driven by First Nations (as opposed to Métis) adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decomposition of Economic Vulnerability Among Indigenous and Non‐Indigenous Adults in Canada

Watson,

Daley

2023

Review of Income and Wealth

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“…Oppenheimer 2019), and job type (e.g. Lamb and Verma 2021). At the same time, Barber and Jones (2021) suggest that unobservable, rather than observable, characteristics account for educational disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous students, particularly amongst high achieving students.…”

Section: Previous Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Falling Further Behind: Explaining the Contribution of Post-Secondary Education to the Growth of the Indigenous Income Gap

Mongeon,

Dubois

2024

Preprint

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Over the past twenty-five years, Canadian federal discourse has increasingly recognized the importance of addressing socioeconomic disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people. While the data reveal widespread improvements in Indigenous socioeconomic outcomes, these successes are overshadowed by the reality that Indigenous people continue to lag behind non-Indigenous Canadians on many socioeconomic metrics. Our study aims to better understand the factors that contribute to the ongoing growth of the Indigenous income gap and focuses specifically on the contribution of post-secondary education to the growth of this gap. Using the 2018 National Graduate Survey, we find that the income gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Canadians continues to grow even when we account for equivalent levels of educational attainment. Our results have significant implications for policies, namely related to student loans, university education, and family composition. We ultimately conclude that assessing the effectiveness of policies in targeting the growth of the gap requires a more comprehensive and contextualized understanding of their impact in the everyday lives of Indigenous peoples.

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“…For research on Australia see for instance Hunter and Hawke (2001) and Birch and Marshall (2018). Research furthermore finds that indigenous Canadians, including Inuit, are more often employment in non-standard work and suffer sizable earning disparities (Lamb and Verma, 2021). Indigenous workers are thus at a disadvantage in a country, besides Greenland, with an Inuit population.…”

Section: Supply-side Factors Associated With Employment: a Review Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Employment in a post-colonial society – The case of Greenland

Ravn,

Høgedahl

2023

Journal of Industrial Relations

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In the fields of labour market research and industrial relations research, there is increasing interest in post-colonial societies and the labour market outcomes of indigenous peoples. However, existing research has generally underexplored the Greenlandic labour market. This is particularly true for factors associated with the Greenlandic Inuit population's employment outcomes. In this article, we investigate barriers and potentials for labour market participation in Greenland, focusing on individual-level factors that promote or inhibit the likelihood of being employed. We use a unique, nationally representative survey of the working-age population and explore these factors through a series of logistic regression analyses. We find that educational attainment, positive self-assessed health, and the number of people in the household were positively related to employment. Our most important findings and contributions are that respondents who answered the survey in Greenlandic were less likely to be employed compared to those who answered it in Danish. Furthermore, if a respondent was born in Greenland, compared to being born in Denmark, it lowers the likelihood of being employed. We interpret this disparity as evidence of an ethnically segregated labour market with indications of discrimination.

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Nonstandard Employment and Indigenous Earnings Inequality in Canada

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

A Decomposition of Economic Vulnerability Among Indigenous and Non‐Indigenous Adults in Canada

A Decomposition of Economic Vulnerability Among Indigenous and Non‐Indigenous Adults in Canada

Falling Further Behind: Explaining the Contribution of Post-Secondary Education to the Growth of the Indigenous Income Gap

Employment in a post-colonial society – The case of Greenland

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