Nonspecific immune response in fish fed glucan diets prior to induced transportation stress

Volpatti, Donatella; D'Angelo, L.; Jeney, Galina; Jeney, Zsigmond; Anderson, D.P.; Galeotti, Marco

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0426.1998.tb00642.x

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…The combination of the stress challenge and YE supplementation completely prevented bacterial colonization of liver and air sac in this study, even though the stressed birds had been inoculated with low levels of E. coli at 1 wk of age. The ability of β-glucans to similarly modulate the effects of stress on the oxidative burst activity of fish neutrophils was previously reported (Jeney et al, 1997;Volpatti et al, 1998;Palic et al, 2006). β-Glucans, as well as β-glucan molecules from other sources, have been shown to increase oxidative burst Figure 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Bacterial clearance, heterophil function, and hematological parameters of transport-stressed turkey poults supplemented with dietary yeast extract

Huff

Farnell

et al. 2010

Poultry Science

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Yeast extracts (YE) contain biological response modifiers that may be useful as alternatives to antibiotics for controlling pathogens in poultry production and mitigating the deleterious effects of production stressors. The objective of the present study was to determine the ability of a commercial dietary YE (Alphamune) to modulate the immune response in male turkey poults challenged with Escherichia coli and subjected to transport stress. Alphamune was added to turkey poult diets at 0, 500, or 1,000 g/ton. Poults were challenged by air sac injection with 60 cfu of E. coli at 1 wk of age. At 3 wk of age, these challenged birds were subjected to transport stress and birds were bled and necropsied the following morning. Blood cell numbers and percentages, hematological parameters, and clinical chemistry values were determined. Oxidative burst activity of isolated heterophils was measured using stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate and a 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay. Data were analyzed using GLM and least squares means procedures of the SAS program. The numbers and percentages of heterophils in peripheral blood were increased and their oxidative burst activity was stimulated by YE. The stress challenge dramatically increased oxidative burst and this increase was significantly modulated by YE treatment. Serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, and triglycerides were decreased and uric acid levels, erythrocyte numbers, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were increased by YE supplementation. Bacteria were isolated from the air sac and liver of a lower percentage of birds provided with YE. These results suggest that dietary YE has potential as a nonantibiotic alternative for decreasing bacterial pathogens in turkey production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Bacterial clearance, heterophil function, and hematological parameters of transport-stressed turkey poults supplemented with dietary yeast extract

Huff

Farnell

et al. 2010

Poultry Science

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“…Immunostimulation is an important tool in aquaculture to increase resistance to pathogens [3] especially since substances, such as β-glucan, occur naturally in the environment and are thus less likely to raise concerns about residues in food fish and the environment [4]. Previous studies on β-glucan have highlighted a time and dose dependency of the effects [1,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time and concentration dependency of MacroGard® induced apoptosis

Miest

Hoole

2015

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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In previous studies an effect of β-glucan on apoptosis in fish was noted and in this investigation we determine the time and concentration dependency of this effect. Primary cell cultures of pronephric carp cells were incubated for 6, 24, 48 h with various concentrations ranging from 0 -1000 μg/ml of MacroGard ® β-glucan. Apoptosis was monitored via acridine orange staining. Results indicate a clear effect of time and concentration on the induction of apoptosis in vitro, with only concentration ≥ 500 μg/ml causing significantly higher percentages of apoptotic cells. Apoptosis was detected after 6 h. This concentration dependent effect has to be considered when studying apoptosis in relation to immunostimulation.

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“…The promotion of a more effective immune response to infectious agents by the use of dietary immunostimulant compounds has recently been demonstrated in several cultured fish species (Volpatti et al, 1998) and is a consequence of enhanced humoral and cell-mediated immune responses (Yano et al, 1991;Chen and Ainsworth, 1992;Siwicki et al, 1993;Verlhac et al, 1996). However, information on the effect of most immunostimulants on the activation of the non-specific immune response is still limited, particularly as far as lysozyme and complementmediated haemolytic activities are concerned (Hardie et al, 1990;Raa et al, 1992;Volpatti et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many groups of substances are known to have an immunostimulant effect in terrestrial animals, but few of them have been shown to be effective in fish (Raa et al, 1992;Siwicki et al, 1998;Volpatti et al, 1998). These include glucans (structural elements of fungal cell walls) and nutritional factors such as ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Long‐term Oral Administration of an Immunostimulant Diet on Innate Immunity in Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Bagni¹,

Archetti²,

Amadori³

et al. 2000

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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Immunostimulants represent a modern and promising tool in aquaculture, enhancing the resistance of cultured fish to disease and stress. This study investigated the effect of a combination of dietary glucans, a-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on the innate immune response of cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). After 5 weeks of adaptation on a commercial diet containing 100 p.p.m. ascorbic acid and 200 p.p.m. atocopherol, sea bass were switched to a diet supplemented with 2 % b-1.3/b-1.6 glucans and ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol at 500 p.p.m. The supplemented diet was given at 2 % of body weight per day over a 2week period, every 3 months. Plasma lysozyme concentration, content and distribution of major plasma proteins and complement activity were measured prior to feeding the supplemented diet and after 40 weeks. Alternative pathways of complement activation and lysozyme activity were both significantly enhanced in fish fed on glucans and elevated doses of vitamins. No significant differences were observed in protein content or in albumin/globulin ratio. Compared to lysozyme activity, which showed marked individual variation, complement-mediated haemolytic activity has been shown to be a more reliable indicator of sea bass immunocompetence. Further studies are in progress to clarify the effect of each dietary component on the innate immune response and disease resistance. U. S.

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Nonspecific immune response in fish fed glucan diets prior to induced transportation stress

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

Bacterial clearance, heterophil function, and hematological parameters of transport-stressed turkey poults supplemented with dietary yeast extract

Bacterial clearance, heterophil function, and hematological parameters of transport-stressed turkey poults supplemented with dietary yeast extract

Time and concentration dependency of MacroGard® induced apoptosis

Effect of Long‐term Oral Administration of an Immunostimulant Diet on Innate Immunity in Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

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