Nonrenewable energy—environmental and health effects on human capital: empirical evidence from Pakistan

The role of income level and institutional quality in the non‐renewable energy consumption and life expectancy nexus: evidence from selected oil‐producing economies in Africa

“…However, income level remains positive implying how important it is to Africa’s transition to cleaner energy and enhancing longevity. The negative impacts of NRE are consistent with Nkalu and Edeme (2019) who submit that fuel consumption leads to environmental hazards, thus reducing life expectancy specifically for 7 weeks (1 month and 3 weeks) and communicable diseases such as several forms of fatal diseases such as air pollutants, measles, cases of tuberculosis and mortality rate (Asghar et al ., 2020).…”

“…By employing the generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) on time series data from 1960 to 2017, the study finds evidence for reducing effects of environmental hazards on life expectancy. In a similar study with consideration for non-renewable energy (NRE) consumption, environmental pollution and mortality rate impacts on human capital in Pakistan, Asghar et al (2020) find that NRE increases air pollution, measles, tuberculosis and mortality rate which exert deleterious effects on human capital. In addition, Shobande (2020) examines the impactful relationship between energy use and infant mortality rate in selected African countries from 1999 to 2014.…”

“…Secondly, empirical evidence has attributed the consumption of NRE from coal, gas and fuel to domestic usages (such as cooking, heating and lightening). All these are associated with diseases such as tuberculosis, measles and increase in mortality rates especially among women and children (Asghar et al ., 2020).…”

Does inflation instability affect environmental pollution? Fresh evidence from Asian economies

“…The empirical outcome elaborates that the energy use increases pollution emissions in the aatmosphere, causing global warming. 1–7 Besides, the other studies also revealed that increase in the economic activity contributes to pollution emissions, 8–12 empirical studies incorporate various variables such as energy use, trade, industrialization, foreign rirect investment (FDI), corruption, urbanization, human development, governance, and transportation in the related nexus. It is no doubt these variables are the important drivers of environmental degradation.…”

Do higher education research and development expenditures affect environmental sustainability? New evidence from Chinese provinces

“…Besides, previous studies have identified various determinants of CO 2 e. These factors include financial development (Ahmad et al 2018b ), technological innovation (Ahmad et al 2019a ), fiscal decentralization (Du and Sun 2021 ), freight and passenger transportation (Godil et al 2020 ), economic growth (Nathaniel et al 2021d ; Solarin et al 2021 ), institutional quality (Wawrzyniak and Doryń 2020 ), urbanization (Ahmad and Zhao 2018 ; Nathaniel et al 2021c ), exports (Anser et al 2021 ), renewable energy consumption (Nathaniel et al 2021b ), corruption (Ren et al 2021 ), public-private partnership investment in energy (Raza et al 2021 ), aggregate consumption (Ahmad and Khattak 2020 ), human capital (Asghar et al 2020 ), shadow economy (Sohail et al 2021 ), higher education (Li et al 2021 ), imports (Adewuyi and Awodumi 2020 ), gross fixed capital formation (Nathaniel and Adeleye 2021 ), energy demand (Vo and Zaman 2020 ), foreign direct investment (Rahman et al 2019b ), green technology innovation (Meirun et al 2021 ), democratic transition (Mao 2018 ), inflow of remittances (Ahmad et al 2019a ; Khan et al, 2020 ), tourism (Aziz et al 2020 ), international cooperation (Chen et al 2020 ), financial instability (Baloch et al 2018 ), fuel tax (Akkaya and Hepsag 2021 ), income inequality (Guo et al 2020 ), premature deindustrialization (Ullah et al 2020 ), information and communication technologies (Anser et al 2021 ), natural resources rents (Nathaniel 2021 ; Nathaniel et al 2021e ), military expenses (Isiksal 2021 ), globalization (Sharif et al 2020 ), real interest rate (Isiksal et al 2019 ), trade openness (Iheonu et al 2021 ; Nathaniel 2020 ), commercial policies (Jiang et al 2021a ), globalization (Nathaniel et al 2021a ), and nonrenewable energy (Nathaniel and Iheonu 2019 ).…”