“…Several studies have investigated the effect of a reliability requirement on the planning of I&M actions at the system level or at the individual component level (e.g., Sagrilo et al, 1997;Onoufriou, 1999;Frangopol et al, 1997;Onoufriou and Frangopol, 2002;Bressi et al, 2021), a few of which include the cost optimization (Hellevik et al, 1999;Sørensen and Faber, 2001;Gholami et al, 2020;Bressi et al, 2021). In the studies that consider the interaction between the system and its components, the dependence between the component deterioration processes are not accounted for (Barker and Newby, 2008;Flage et al, 2012;Sun et al, 2017;Faddoul et al, 2018), and otherwise the methods are not adapted to a large number of system components (Straub and Faber, 2005;Barone and Frangopol, 2014;Li et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2022). In several studies that enable inspection decisions at the component level, preventive or corrective maintenance actions are limited to a major intervention at the system level (Onoufriou and Frangopol, 2002;Barker and Newby, 2008;Zio and Viadana, 2011), and failures (at the system or component level) are typically assumed to be self-announcing (Flage et al, 2012).…”