Nonlithographic fabrication of lateral superlattices for nanometric electromagnetic-optic applications

Liang, Jianyu; Chik, H.; Xu, Jimmy

doi:10.1109/jstqe.2002.804238

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…refs. [2][3][4]10,11].In the past few years, however, research activities on ordered TiO 2 nanotube layers have in numbers of paper-output surpassed porous alumina; in the past decade, more than three thousand papers have been published dedicated to anodic TiO 2 nanotubes [1,[5][6][7]. The main reason for this enormous interest is the anticipated impact of such nanotube layers in functional applications of titanium dioxide; such as dye sensitized solar cells [12][13][14][15], photocatalysis [16,17] (including water splitting for the generation of hydrogen, pollution degradation, or the reduction of CO 2 ), biomedicine [18][19][20] (biomedical coatings of implants, drug delivery systems), ion-insertion batteries, electrochromics, etc.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anodic TiO2 nanotube layers: Why does self-organized growth occur—A mini review

Zhou

Nguyen

Özkan

et al. 2014

Electrochemistry Communications

168

138

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The present review gives an overview of the highlights of more than 10 years of research on synthesis and applications of ordered oxide structures (nanotube layers, hexagonal pore arrangements) that are formed by self-organizing anodization of metals. In particular we address the questions after the critical factors that lead to the spectacular self-ordering during the growth of anodic oxides that finally yield morphologies such as highly ordered TiO 2 nanotube arrays and similar structures. Why are tubes and pores formed -what are the key parameters controlling these processes?Link to the published article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2014.06.021 1 Over the past decade, the formation and application of anodic, self-organized TiO 2 nanotube arrays grown from a Ti metal (as illustrated in Fig.1) and similar oxide structures have attracted wide scientific and technological interest [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Self-organization during anodization has been observed already more than 70 years ago for aluminum that, when anodized in acidic electrolytes, forms hexagonally ordered porous structures [8] -such ordering can peak in a virtually perfect arrangement, as demonstrated by Masuda et al. in 1995 [9], by a meticulous optimization of the electrochemical growth conditions. These alumina structures since then have been widely used for templating (i.e., to fill the pores by a secondary material to form nanorods or nanowires, in combination with stripping the template or not), as well as for numerous other applications -excellent overviews on growth and applications of porous alumina are available; see e.g. refs. [2][3][4]10,11].In the past few years, however, research activities on ordered TiO 2 nanotube layers have in numbers of paper-output surpassed porous alumina; in the past decade, more than three thousand papers have been published dedicated to anodic TiO 2 nanotubes [1,[5][6][7]. The main reason for this enormous interest is the anticipated impact of such nanotube layers in functional applications of titanium dioxide; such as dye sensitized solar cells [12][13][14][15], photocatalysis [16,17] (including water splitting for the generation of hydrogen, pollution degradation, or the reduction of CO 2 ), biomedicine [18][19][20] (biomedical coatings of implants, drug delivery systems), ion-insertion batteries, electrochromics, etc. [21][22][23][24] These applications are, to a large extent, based on a number of almost unique features of TiO 2 [1,[25][26][27][28]: it is a semiconductor of a band-gap of 3.0 eV (rutile) -3.2 eV (anatase), with a considerably large electron diffusion length (mainly anatase), relative band-edge positions suitable to trigger a wide range of photocatalytic reactions; the material is highly biocompatible, and shows considerably good ion intercalation properties. Many of these features can be exploited in a nanotubular form even more beneficially than in powder assemblies (e.g. directional charge transport, orthogonal carrier separation, optimized and directional diffusion profile...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodic TiO2 nanotube layers: Why does self-organized growth occur—A mini review

Zhou

Nguyen

Özkan

et al. 2014

Electrochemistry Communications

168

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The CNTs were synthesized by a well-established template assisted CVD method [10], which consists of three steps ( Fig. 1): 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Post treat the as-made sample to expose the CNTs. First, an aluminum sheet (purity 99.999%) was anodized via a typical two-step method to generate highly ordered nanoporous templates [10]. Briefly, a first anodization step was carried out in 0.3M oxalic acid at 40V DC and 10 0 C for at least 16 hours.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The the nanopores [11], [12]. RIE [10], [13], [15] can reliably and selectively remove the junk carbon layer, but it may take up to 5 hours. Besides, RIE requires rather expensive equipment and sophisticated maintenance, thus is less available outside of large research universities and laboratories.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous attempts, such as air oxidation and reactive ion etching (RIE) [10]- [15] were studied for this purpose. However, each of these methods has their own pros and cons.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Exposure of Carbon Nanotubes Fabricated by Template-Assisted CVD through a Two-Step Method

Yao¹,

Xu²,

Cen³

et al. 2015

IJMMM

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Abstract-Well aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are highly desirable for various studies and applications. Template-assisted chemical vapor deposition has been widely used. However, post growth surface cleaning to remove the junk carbon on sample surface and expose CNTs still relies on either capital intensive facilities or 'hard to control' processes. In the letter, we report a mechanical polishing method to remove the amorphous carbon layer. Compared to other conventional surface cleaning methods, mechanical polishing is relatively straightforward, much easier to scale up and does not require expensive instruments. Combined with a wet-etching step, highly ordered CNT arrays were reliably obtained. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were employed to investigate the surface morphology and roughness and to optimize the processing conditions.

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