Nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of rubber in shear

Leaderman, Herbert

doi:10.1002/pol.1955.120168216

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Except in the most fluid polymers, the creep curve was reasonably reversible although small discrepancies may exist as found by Leaderman. 2 By making use of the equivalence of temperature and time it was possible to obtain a composite curve showing the tensile creep behavior of the sample over many decades of time. Each composite curve represents data taken at about ten temperatures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of natural and synthetic rubbers

Bueche¹

1957

J. Polym. Sci.

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The tensile creep behavior of natural rubber, high and low temperature GRS, polybutadiene, and a synthetic cis‐polyisoprene have been investigated. By combining measurements over the temperature range −70 to +60°C., it has been possible to obtain a composite creep curve covering over 15 decades of time for each of these materials. In addition, similar curves have been obtained for most of these materials at several degrees of cure and containing various amounts of carbon black. All measurements were confined to elongations below about 5%. One can conclude from these data that the synthetic rubbers, except for the cis‐polyisoprene, do not vulcanize to give a mechanically stable network. That is to say, these materials never reach equilibrium elongation under an applied load. It is concluded that the number‐average molecular weights of GRS is so low that excessive degrees of crosslinking are needed in order to form a stable network. Natural rubber and certain synthetic cis‐polyisoprene, do not suffer from this defect. The excessive heat generation found in GRS upon flexure is attributed to the fact that an equilibrium extension is never achieved in these materials. A theoretical relation for the heat production in flexed rubbers is given. It is showed that the theory predicts the relative behavior of the various rubbers in respect to heat generation under flexure.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of natural and synthetic rubbers

Bueche¹

1957

J. Polym. Sci.

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“…It should be noted that the mechanical properties of VDJs may be impacted by the test temperature . Normally, the temperature variation of viscoelastic materials is mainly caused by the ambient temperature and the internal transient temperature .…”

Section: Performance Tests Of Vdjsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and analytical investigations on new viscoelastic damped joints for seismic mitigation of structures with precast shear walls

Zhang

Gao

et al. 2019

Struct Control Health Monit

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Precast concrete wall has become a crucial part in the architectural industrialization, which is in line with the development trend of the building industry.On the basis of the analysis of relations between the deformation and the energy distribution of the precast concrete walls under major earthquakes, this investigation proposes the idea of a novel viscoelastic damped joint (VDJ) to create the vertical connection between two precast walls. By amplifying the displacements and velocities of the joint, the energy dissipating properties of damping materials can be fully used. The VDJ is suitable for improving the damping efficiency in the stiff shear wall structural systems. Performance tests were performed to study the mechanical properties of the damped joint. And then, a simplified analytical model of the VDJ with different parameters under various deformations and frequencies is presented. The numerical simulation results indicate that the simplified model is capable of capturing the main features of the VDJ. Furthermore, the analytical models on wall to wall connections were set up and incorporated into 2-D numerical models. To better understand the damping performances of the VDJ, three models connected by emulating cast in situ joints, precast hinged joints, and viscoelastic damped joints were prepared by analyzing the time history of the overall structural response. Results show that the VDJs are effective in attenuating seismic response of the precast walls. They worked in the dissipation of approximately 90% of input earthquake energy. The highly efficient damped joints also reduce interstory displacements and upgrade the structural performance of buildings during seismic excitation. KEYWORDS displacement dependence, fatigue performance, frequency dependence, magnification factor, precast shear wall, viscoelastic damped joint (VDJ)

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“…Credit must also be given to H. Leaderman for his contributions to the development of the molecular theory of viscoelastic behaviour (including non-linear viscoelasticity) and his account of its early history [22,23]. A comprehensive mathematical analysis of superposition and extrapolation on the basis of viscoelastic spectra was later given by Tschoegl [23] 5 .…”

Section: The Discoveries In the 1950s Which Completed The Foundationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eighty years of macromolecular science: from birth to nano-, bio- and self-assembling polymers—with slight emphasis on European contributions

Schmeling

2011

Colloid Polym Sci

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A definition of macromolecular science (as opposed to polymer science and engineering) is given, from which the year 1930 is derived as the year of its birth. The scope of treatment of this paper will be limited to solid technical polymers. Some important discoveries of polymer technology in the nineteenth century are reviewed together with the reason why the concept of macromolecules and the theory of rubber elasticity did not emerge earlier. The role of chain backbones in structure formation and mechanical loading of technical polymers has been heavily discussed ever since and has attracted this author for most of his scientific work. He offers a personal perspective of the most important achievements in three domains of macromolecular science: the synthesis of well-designed chain molecules, structural characterization and the understanding of the micro-mechanics of (nano-structured) polymer materials. Progress is generally documented by citing individual references from the discussed periods-well knowing that the development of science is due to the contributions of many more people. In conclusion, a critical outlook will be attempted on future trends in the design and application of well-adapted-and frequently complex-polymer systems towards growing human needs.

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Nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of rubber in shear

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Mechanical properties of natural and synthetic rubbers

Mechanical properties of natural and synthetic rubbers

Experimental and analytical investigations on new viscoelastic damped joints for seismic mitigation of structures with precast shear walls

Eighty years of macromolecular science: from birth to nano-, bio- and self-assembling polymers—with slight emphasis on European contributions

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