Nonlinear vibroacoustic wave modulations for structural damage detection: an overview

Abstract

Abstract. We present an overview of research developments related to the nonlinear vibroacoustic modulation technique used for structural damage detection. The method of interest is based on nonlinear interactions of a low-frequency pumping wave and a high-frequency probing wave. These two waves are introduced to monitored structures simultaneously. Then the presence of damage is exhibited by additional frequency components that result from nonlinear damage-wave interactions. A vast amount of research has been performed in this area over the last two decades. We aim to present the state-of-the-art of these developments. The major focus is on monitoring approaches, modeling aspects, actuation/sensing, signal processing, and application examples.

Guided waves for damage identification in pipeline structures: A review

“…Usually, the severity of the damage can be evaluated by a modulation index (MI) in comparison with the baseline data. One of the most commonly used damage indices is where and are the amplitudes of i th pair of left and right modulation sidebands and A HF is the amplitude of high‐frequency component of the probing signal. For the cases using multiple ultrasonic frequency steps, the index is modified as where A m + n and A m − n represent the amplitudes of sidebands with frequency f m ± f n , A m is the amplitude of the probing signal at frequency f m and q is the number of the frequency increments of interest.…”

“…Usually, the severity of the damage can be evaluated by a modulation index (MI) in comparison with the baseline data. One of the most commonly used damage indices is [112]…”

Damage imaging in composites using nonlinear vibro-acoustic wave modulations

“…This is mainly because the nonlinear damage detection methods are usually much more sensitive to detect small damage severities than are their linear counterparts . One of the most promising techniques that can be used for damage detection is a method that utilizes nonlinear vibro‐acoustic wave modulations . The method has been successfully applied to detect damage in metallic structures as well as for impact damage detection in composites .…”

“…[10][11][12] One of the most promising techniques that can be used for damage detection is a method that utilizes nonlinear vibro-acoustic wave modulations. [13][14][15] The method has been successfully applied to detect damage in metallic structures [16][17][18][19] as well as for impact damage detection in composites. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] The major drawback of this technique is that it offers only the first level damage identification capability, that is, damage detection.…”

Annual highlights

“…The top ten downloaded papers addressed laser space debris removal, 1 hyperspectral camera design, 2 satellite optical downlinks, 3 freeform optics, 4 ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation, 5,6 microwave photonics, 7 optical-wireless networking, 8 and telescope mirror metrology. 9 The tenth on the list was actually my July editorial on performing excellent peer reviews.…”